Managing Risk
Fujita Scale
Description of Damage


The threat to property and personal safety can be minimized through 
F0

Some damage can be seen to poorly maintained roofs. Unsecured lightweight 
objects, such as trash cans, are displaced.

compliance with up-to-date model building codes and engineering standards.
F1

Minor damage to roofs and broken windows occur. Larger and heavier objects 
become displaced. Minor damage to trees and landscaping can be observed.

Property and personal protection can be improved through wind hazard 
mitigation techniques not
F2

Roofs are damaged, including the loss of shingles and some sheathing. 
Manufactured homes on nonpermanent foundations can be shifted off their 
foundations. Trees and landscaping either snap or are blown over. Medium-
sized debris becomes airborne, damaging other structures.

normally required by current building codes.
F3

Roofs and some walls, especially unreinforced masonry, are torn form 
structures. Small ancillary buildings are often destroyed. Manufactured homes 
on nonpermanent foundations can be overturned. Some trees are uprooted.

Personal protection can only be achieved through use of a specially designed
F4

Well-constructed homes, as well as manufactured homes, are destroyed, and 
some structures are lifted off their foundations. Automobile-sized debris is 
displaced and often tumbles. Trees are often uprooted and blown over.

extreme wind refuge area, shelter, or safe room.
F5

Strong frame houses and engineered buildings are lifted from their 
foundations or are significantly damaged or destroyed. Automobile-sized 
debris is moved significant distances. Trees are uprooted and splintered.