FEMA-298, 10/92 .Code Compatibility Report: Appendices C, D, E, and F Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Insurance Administration 10192 Vol: 3 of3 APPENDIX C COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ICBO UNIFORM CODES AND THE NFIP STANDARDS AND TECHNCAL GUIDELINES 39 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE National Flood Program Regulations (44CFR 59.1, 60.3 and 60.6) .................. . .... c-i Coastal Cotruction Manual (FEA-55) ............................. Elevated Residential Structures (FEA-..54)..... .......................... Retrofiting Flood-Prone Residential Structures EMA-114) C-46 ................. floodproofing Non-Residential Structures (FEANA-102) ........................ ..,.C-S Manufactured Home Installation in Flood Hazard Areas (FoEM.A-85)..... ..................... Alluvial Fans: Hazards and M ement (FEAA-165) ..................... ............ Manual for the Construction of Non-Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (XR.B).................. C-60 Technical Standards Bulletin: Wet Flood Proofing (Balin No.85-1) ......................... Technical Standards Buletin: Foundation Wall Openings (Bulletin No. 85 ........................ ,-. *-. .c.i...... t1 Technical Standards Bulletin: Breakaway Walls (Bullein No. 85-3) .. .......... TechnicalStandardsBullein: Wind Design Standards (Bulletin No. 881) ........................ C-" c-i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) PAGE Technical standards Bulletin: Flood-Resistant Materiak (Bulletin ........... ... ............. C-83 No.S8-2)* Tedhncal Standards Bulletin: Free of Obstruction Requirement in Coastal High-Hazard Areas (BulletinNo.883) ..... *........... .C-84 Techical Standards Bulletin: Protection of Elevator Equipment in Flood-Hazard Areas Mulet* No. U-4) ...................... ee................ C45 Technical Standards Bulletin: NFIP Requirements for Below Grade Parkng Garages in Flood-Hazard Areas (B lei No. 902). .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. C-86 Tei Standards Bulletin: Non-Residential Flood-Proofing Certification Requirements of the National Flood InsraceProgram .e..-.... . ....... .eo...... . .. ...... C86 Bll No.90-3) Teic Standars Bulletin: Installation of Manufactured Homesin Special Flood-Hazard Areas (BuletiNo.90-4) ................................ .. C-86 c-fi ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON NFIP Fkod-Resistnt Design Standards (44 CFR 59.1. 603 and 60.6) CFR 59.1 Appurtenant Structure Recommendation: CFR 59-1 Base Flood Recommendation: CFR 59.1 Basement Recommendation: CFR 59.1 Breakaway Wall Recommendation: U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Sec. 403. None. UB.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analysis CFR 59.1 has a definition of a structure that is accessory to the insured structure on the same parcel of land. The U.B.C. has no such definition and does not make a distinction between one structure and another on a parcel of land. Analysis CFR 59.1 has a definition of the flood to be used in the design of structures within areas under the authority of the National Flood insurance Program (NFIP). The U.B.C. has a definition for the elevation that a base flood may reach and is in fact the same design flood. Analysis CFR 59.1 has a definition of basement stating that the floor of a building below ground level on all sides is a basement The U.B.C. defines a basement as a floor level below the first story of a building except that a building having only one floor level shall be classified as a basement unless that floor level qualifies as a first story. Analvsis CFR 59.1 defines a b reakaway wall as a wall, not a part of the structural support of the building and intended to collapse under specific lateral load forces. The Uniform Building Code indirectly defines a breakaway wall as one being below the base flood elevation and designed to breakaway under high tides or wave action without causing damage to the structural system, given specific design criteria. C-l ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (.B.C.) COMPARISON NFIP Flood-Resistant Design Standards (44 CFR 59.1. 60.3 and 60.6) CFR 59.1 U.B.C. Analysis Building (See Structure) Sec. 403 Sec. 420. See analysis of "structure." Recommendation: See the recommendation of "structure." CFR 59.1 Critical Feature U.B.C. None. Analvsis CFR 59.1 defines a critical feature as one that is integral and readily identifiable part of a flood protection system without which the flood protection would be compromised. The U.B.C. considers al elements of a building to be important. Al Recommendation: None. CFR 59.1 U.B.C. Analysis Development Sec. 402 Appendix Chapter 70. CFR 59.1 defines development as any change to improved or unimproved property which includes, but is not limited to building structures, grading, mining, etc. The Uniform Building Code has a definition of alteration, which is any change, addition or modification in construction or occupancy. The U.B.C. also regulates grading on a site, but does not include mining or other such exploratory or other drilling. Recommendation: The U.B.C. is not intended to regulate mining, dredging. drilling operations or the storage of equipment or materials whereas CFR 59.1 is intended to do so. Therefore, no change is recommended. C-2 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON NFiP Flood-Resistant Desian Standards (44 CFR 59.1. 60.3 and 60.6) CFR 59 1 U.B.C Analvsis Elevated Building A. ppendix Chapter CFR 59.1 defines elevated building differently in different zones. . Division IV. In Zones A-130 through D. the top of the elevated floor must be above the BFE. In Zones V-130. VE or V. the bottom of the lowest horizontal structure member must be elevated above the BFE. CFR 59.1 also goes as far as to say that fill or solid foundation perimeter walls may be used to elevate the building above the BFE provided that it facilitates the unimpeded movement of flood waters in or around the building in A Zones. The U.B.C. requires that a building located within flood-hazard Zone A shall have its lowest floor at or above the BFE Any means of elevating the building within the A Zone is acceptable provided unimpeded flood water flow around the building or through the building is allowed. In V Zones, these buildings must be elevated on piles or columns. Recommendation: None. CFR 59. 1 U.B.C. Analvsis Existing Sec. 403. CFR 59.1 defines existing construction as those structures which Construction started construction prior to the effective date of the FIRM or before January 1, 1975. The U.B.C. defines an existing building as one that was erected or completed prior to the adoption of the Uniform Building Code or for one which a legal building permit was issued, Recommendation: The definition in CFR 59.1 and the U.B.C.'s definition are for two totally different purposes and both are valid. Therefore, no recommendation. CFR 59 1 U.B.C. Analvsis Existing Structures Sec. 403. See analysis of "ExistingConstruction." Recommendation: See recommendation of 'Existing Construction." C-3 R&tU, QA+,5S ICR(XMN ,t 94N PWi I N~P Flood-ResitantDesian Standards (44CFR S }-J an9w' VLUtt. &; t.. rsPflMzlbtWThA9 CFR 59.1 U.B.C. -Anag ,, Flood2-1 i -r i n peng* ap-t ,j ~4hef4efptopnfound in.CF$u594nppply includesjp eq;S\..: -, 1¢Du'~'9zr .. .nO 9u~p~ation ~ndbyinland title waters, WiD~fi i jp;rria of norm&ly4yj or .mti 4' S.1-C' , utIlso{,ud slides and the erosion of land along a coast or .J~ie;t.-. . I!"iC 4 iun -. jir j shqCn>,e he U.B.C. k Y;J';., refers to a flood-plain management Ui Sni2 t its 'it;8 uSx?.'t0 o . 9rdinancah~iat is a separate document. y6xtb-itrd 21ii3S''V'i"DO} Tit §1.;Vtaf slhu-:"cL3"'.-- l -- M. o9 .;Ot i.j Pt. [hoa' Atr"f3. tb-rsi 53 e;1bruMi.. .^ Reeomendationu 0' t N UsAd u tn.e n6 L A roBt00'"riiwG b-"'-I 't -S'6.' CFR59.1S-,'i-i i srit ½lti)rt ni >ej,.-; jfl3 i3.o. Analsis 1 S Flood Plain or Appendix Chapter _4,%tefines *10soapt r-irs.tsi. iiCFRSW. ls definition is the loWs flppy of an enclosed area,,picj lto MS'.q'I'iCarl %m;,b isiont ri 31tiUP.Mcj. rio 23i ii aawgludwgubasement, with the exception of unfinished fl°.° rpi Cti x'imzogilS ioi b .21i . f PWIi m--i tantpgrking, building access or storage areas that are not in J '70 rioi.tqobs ot1t bmoiris uuucvigigfin applicable non-elevation design requirements. 0t "Icllci 70obw.usm1ono 'gf The Jira nJq nibiod lt-Vi Sritit-w a o 'it 10 rrbsZ-c'1t.olBh:M4-Crikes reference to the lowest floor in any building, iwsl.dingbasements, with the exception of enclosures used for building access, exits, foyers, storage and parking garages. 2 rovided they meet the enclosure requirements found in Appendix aOiT1t1qlnoicab iWlif^i01ntis 't76 sit , aoimi.hflb 2 iDhAtraf . %c'[J ; st,,uato od'.'.onxri A tcs7.-"toni muoU':TUd.usIv suitulood ho .nofosirzirn Recommendation: None. CFR 59.1 UzBn-;Cin zo ,dm Io ejiuAnlYsis&Z .SQISc7t-igcmtilitilisV"Y riit Manufactured None. CFR 59.1 defines a manufactured home as a transportable Home .cnoia treturww4hb itJiaaache4'.J *19 r yired utiiti Y i WU ,3 including a recreational vehicle. The U.B.C. has no such definition. Recommendation: The U.B.C. relies on the discretion of the building official in approving such structures. However, a reference to an approved national standard or other such document could make the approval much easier. ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON NFIP Flood-Resistant Design Standards (44 CFR 59. 603 and 60.6) CFR 59 1 One-Hundred-Year Flood Recommendation: CFR 59.1 Storm Cellar Recommendation: CFR 59.1 Structure Recommendation: CFR 59.1 Substantial Improvement U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter See analysis of Base Flood. 23, Division IV. See recommendation of 'Base Flood." U.B.C. Analysis None. CFR 59.1 defines a storm cellar as a space used to temporarily accommodate occupants of a structure above in an emergency due to severe wind activity. The U.B.C. has no such definition. The U.B.C. does not intend to require a storm cellar for every building in areas subject to severe winds. -Therefore, no recommendation. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 403 CFR 59.1 defines a structure as a walled and roofed building and Sec. 420. includes tanks for flood plain management purposes, but not for insurance coverage purposes. The U.B.C. has two related definitions, one for building and the other for structure A building, according to the U.B.C., is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. A structure is any artificially built-up piece of work, built or constructed, in some definite manner. Since the U.B.C. and CFR 59.1 have different purposes, no recommendation is required. U. B.C. Analysis Chapter 1 CFR 59.1 defines substantial improvement as an iprovement Sec. 40. whose cost equals or exceeds fifty percent of the market value of the structure with exception given to work repairing health. sanitary or safety code violations or alterations to historic structures. The Uniform Building Code considers a substantial improvements as any work requiring a permit as defined in the code. Recommendation: Both of these definitions serve -differentpurposes. Therefore, no recommendation is required. C-5 IIIJr UNIFOM COPE .C.) OMARSO NEP Flood-Resita Design Standards (44 CFR 59.1. 60.3 and 60.6) CFR 60.3 U.B.C. Analysis (b) (8) Appendix Chapter CFR 60.1 requires that all, anufactured homes installed in A Manufactured 23, Divisioni4 ' " es bZnplaced in sU iAhmz' finimi flridd-ad n Home Installation that they must be elevato ad aritahored to resist flotation, cohipsd or lateral movement. The Uniform Building Code requires that these structures, if they are located in any flood zone, shall meet th64appdib4e`eft 49'dkiti difief'and anchorijea:'oii d8bnW requirements as stated in this appendix chapter. e J ! lt r . ? ., ;zrC> ,. ¼! Recommendation: None. CFR 63)'!!IrI! U.B.C. Analysis (c) (2)<>^-<; 5 :-". '~/i'iit7D-S-' ' nc flY''r!¶s ~~~~~~<,Analysis __~~~~~~~6 R. 5 .> r , C. A [ Cl 33!giit?T,5. 35.Jt. . .iUf. _ R£J-iS.iUi (c) (3) Apendix Clwpte! , requires that al new non-residential structures and Elevation of Non-23, Division IV. substantial imnprovementsof same within A Zones have their Residential lowest floor elevated to or above the base flood elevation or be StrUCtu!-SlvS ji ~,ui'u--i'.tu ou .Žu,7cGnu>'tu'r-g4csijgnC 1 b~t st~d Sandc loads and buoyancy. hydrodynamic3 1 forces under consideration. te nform Buliiiltiidt qires that all buildings within an A Zone have their lowest floor, including basement floors, located at or above the base flood elevaiQn. Any approved enclosed space below the base,flpod eievationwould have to be dsijh'ed to automatically equalkzdtit- S: ' ' iC p~psu~r5of the waters actingupp4r#py exterior wall surface. c Recommendation: 1,-A..'Nqe;,v 33. . 3. rX' : ^: .S.i t50;; O. ieaqi3.-' r ?..i l ,'..C-6 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.CJ. COMPARISON NFIP Flood-Resistnt Desian Standards (44 CFR 59.1. 60.3 and 60.6) CFR 60.3 (c) (5) Flood Openings Recommendation: CFR 60.3 (e) (4) Piling Certification Recommendation: CFR 60.3 (e) (5) Breakaway Walls Recommendation: UB- C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U-B.C. Appendix Chapter 23. Division WV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analysis CFR 60.3 requires that all new construction or substantial improvements that have approved. fully enclosed areas below the base flood elevation be designed in such a manner as to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on the exterior walls with some specific design criteria. The U.B.C. requires that any approved enclosed spaces below the base flood elevation shall be designed in such a manner as to automatically equalize the lateral pressure of waters acting on any exterior wall surfaces with specific design criteria. Analysis CFR 60.3 requires that any new construction or substantial improvement in V Zones be elevated on pilings and columns so that the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member of the lowest floor is elevated to or above the base flood level with specific design criteria and requires certification of the design by a professional engineer or architect. The Uniforn Building Code requires that any new structure or addition in V Zones be elevated on pilings or columns so that the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member of the lowest floor is elevated at or above the base flood elevation with specific design criteria and requires that the design be by a professional engineer or architect. Analvsis CFR 60.3 requires that any approved enclosed space below the lowest floor in V Zones be enclosed with nonsupporting breakaway walls that are designed given the specific design criteria found within. The Uniform Building Code requires that any walls or partitions used to enclose any approved space below the base flood elevation be enclosed by breakaway walls designed to specific criteria. C-7 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON NFIP Flood-Resiitant DCen Standards (44 CFR 59.1. 60.3 and 60.6) CFR 60.3 (e) (6) Fill Recommendation: CFR 60.6 (C) (2) (i) Flood-proof Walls Recommendation: CFR 60.6 (c) (2) (ii) Basement Top Floor Elevation Recommendatioin: CFR 60.6 (c) (2) (i) Fill Recommendation: U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23. Division IV Analysis CFR 60.3 prohibits the use of fill for structural support of any buildings within V Zones. The Uniform Building Code only allows fill in A Zones and not in any V Zones. Analvsis CFR 60.3 requires that any residential basement in an addition or substantial improvement that is located in an Al -30. AH, AO or AE zone be watertight and designed to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and buoyancy effects. The U.B.C. requires that basements in other than residential uses below the BFE be impermeable to the passage of water and designed to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. None, since floodproofing of basements is allowed only in communities that have been granted an exception by FEMA. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter '3 Division IV Analysis CFR 60.3 requires that the top floor of any residential basement be located no lower than 5 feet below the BFE. The U.B.C. allows basements in other than residential buildings to be located at any depth below the BFE provided they are designed to be impermeable to water and resistant to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. See recommendation of CFR 60.6 (c) (2) (i). U.B.C. None Analvsis CFR 60.6 requires that the area surrounding exterior walls below the BFE be protected with sloped fill to or above the BFE. The U.B.C. has no such provision. If the basement is designed to be impermeable to water and to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads, then additional protection is not necessary. Therefore, no recommendation. C-8 NFIP Flood-Reistant CFR 60.6 (c) (2) iv) Use of a Registered Professional Recommendation: CFR 60.6 (c) (2) (v) Building Inspection Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.1 Environ mental Forces Recommendation: iCBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.J COMPARISON esiran Standards 44 CFR 59.1. 60.3 and 60.6) Anaivsis - Sec. '3, 302 (b) Appendix Chapter Division IV Bath CFR 60-6 and the U.B.C. professional for the design of surequire the use of a registered ch basements. None. Analvsis Sec. 305. Both CFR 60.6 and the U.B.C require the inspection of the construction of such basements to verify they are constructed to the approved plans. None. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2308 (e) FEMA-55 recommends a flood-risk analysis for the design of a Sec. 2390 structure in coastal areas. The provisions found in the U.B.C. Sec. 2393 (a). require that the design of a structure subject to a flooding risk reduces the risk of damage due to such a hazard prior to receiving a building permit. None. C-9 Coastal Construction FEMA-55 4.1.1Wind Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.1.2 Corrosion Protection Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual (FEMA-551 U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 2311-2321 FEMA-55 refers to recommendations found in the Minimum Figure No. 23-1 Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ANSI 58-1Tables Nos. 23-F 1982) document and other model codes for the basic wind design G. and H, of structures. Figure 4-1, the basic wind speed map, is identical Appendix Chapters to U.B.C. Figure No. 23-1 as both are based upon the ANSI 24 and 25. document. The U.B.C. prescribes specific wind design procedures that are dependent upon the building site as well as the design of the structure. The U.B.C. also includes prescriptive design requirements and construction details for masonry and light-frame construction in areas subject to a basic wind speed of 80 to 110 miles per hour. FEMA-55 should reference the latest edition of the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other structures published by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-88, formerly ANSI 58.1) as this document contains the most recent developments and is being used as evidence for recent code changes. U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 1708 FEMA-55 recommends that the elements of a buildings be Sec. 2510 protected from the corrosive environment associated with coastal Sec. 2516 (g) and construction. It also recommends that a potential waterway path (I) into a structure be identified and sealed. The U.B.C. has specific Sec. 2604 (c) and provisions for the protection of exterior assemblies and materials (d) used that are exposed to such an environment. The Uniform Sec. 2908 (i) Plumbing Code requires that all piping exposed to a corrosive Sec. 2909 (a) environment be protected in an approved manner. Sec. 3003 Sec. 3202 Sec. 3208 Chapter 32 Tables Sec. 4706 Appendix Chapters 27 and 25. U.P.C.: Sec. 315. It is recommended that FEMA-55 address roofing and other exterior assemblies in more detail. C-10 ICHO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Constructon Manual FEMA-55) FEMA-55 4.1.3Water Force Data Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.1.4 Higher Structures Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.2Materials Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.2.1.1Wood Pilings Recommendation: UB-C. Appendix Chapter 23 Sec. 2390, Sec. 2396. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23 Sec. 2390 Sec. 396. Analvsis FEMA-55 recommends that structures located in coastal environments be designed with the forces, of water, waves and debris, considered. This document sets a specific impact loading criteria and a design load based upon an accumulation of debris. The Uniform Building Code requires the same type of structural analysis which is based upon well-established engineering principles for these environments. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the forces on tall or large structures, requiring an appropriate structural analysis considering wind and water action. The Uniform Building Code does not make a distinction between tall or large structures and all others. Both are compatible. as they are based upon sound, well-established engineering principles. U.B.C. Chapters 24, 25, 26. 27 and 28. None. U.B.C. Sec. 2501 (a), 4 Sec. 2504 (b) Sec. 2516 (c) 1 Table No. 25-E Sec. 2909 (a). None. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the use of wood, steel and concrete and makes general recommendations as to their protection in a corrosive environment. The Uniform Building requires that any material used be adequately protected against corrosion. Analvsis FEMA-55 briefly discusses the use of wood pilings as foundation system. The Uniform Building Code requires wood pilings to meet specific design criteria and has established standards for the preparation of wood piles. C-l Coastal Construction FEMA-55 4.2.1.2Wood Beams Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.2.1.3 Other Wood Members Reommendation: FEMA-55 4.2.1.4 Preservatives Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.2.2 Masonry Recommendation-: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual (FEMA-SS) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 (a) FEMA-55 discusses, in general terms, the use of wood beams and Sec. 2516 (c) 8 their protection from a corrosive environment. The Uniform and 11 Building Code allows the use of any structurally adequate beam Appendix Chapter and requires adequate protection from the same environment. 23 Sec. 2393 (d). None. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2516 (c) 3, 4, FEMA-55 states that other wood structural members are not 5, 8, 9, and 11 required to be preservative treated. The Uniform Building Code Appendix Chapter requires that such members which are exposed to weather or 23 corrosive conditions be preservative treated. Sec. 2393 (d). FEMA-55 and the Uniform Building Code are in direct conflict, with the Uniform Building Code requiring protection of all exposed members and FEMA-55 allowing unprotected members. It is recommended that FEMA-55 include the protection of all members that are exposed to these conditions. U.B.C. Analysis: Sec. 2501 (a) FEMA-55 discusses, in general terms, the use of wood Sec. 2516 (c). preservatives in corrosive environments. The U.B.C. has specific requirements for the use of wood preservatives and has standards for the preservatives to meet. FEMA-55 should recommend that the wood preservatives meet the approved standards within the jurisdiction where the project is located. U.B.C. Analysis Chapters 23 and FEMA-55 has a brief paragraph on the use of masonry and concrete in corrosive environments. The U.B.C. has specific 26 Appendix Chapter design requirements for concrete on corrosive environments but 23, Division IV. does not address masonry in similar situations. The U.B.C. should discuss the use of masonry in corrosive environments. C-12 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.D.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construcdo Manual FEMA-S5) FEMA-55 U.B.C. 4.2.3.1Chapter 28 Aluminum Appendix Chapter 23. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the protection of aluminum trim, windows, etc. in corrosive environments. The U.B.C. does not address the use of these ypes of aluminum products in corrosive situations. Recommendation: The U.B.C. should address the protection of al materials exposed to corrosive environments in Appendix Chapter 23. FEMA-55 U.B.C. 4.2.3.2-Chapter 27 Steel Sec. 2510. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the protection of exposed steel in corrosive environments and rcommends regular inspection and maintenance -ofsami. The U.B.C. does not discuss the protection of steel members. Recommendaion See recommendation for Section 4.2.3. 1. FEMA-55 4.2.3.3 Dissimilar Materials Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.1Foundations U.B.C. Sec. 2804 (c). None. U.S.C. Sec. 2908-2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses dissimilar materials in general terms and recommends against their use, unless their safety has been verified. The U.B.C. requires that such materials be separated from each other and provides a standard for the separation. Analysis FEMA-55 briefly discusses different foundation systems. The U.S.C. provides specific design requirements for different foundation systems and requires the use of piles or columns in V zones. Recommendation: FEMA-55 should recommend the use of only piles or columns in Coastal High Hazard Zones. C-13 Coastal Construction FEMA-55 4.3.1.1Soil Conditions Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.1.2Piles Recommendalion: FEMA-55 4.3.1.3- Wood Posts Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.1.4 Masonry Piers Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual FEMA-55) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2904-2906 FEMA-55 discusses, in general terms, soils conditions at the site Table No. 29-B. and gives some general rules of thumb for the identification. The U.B.C. has specific requirements for the classification of soil. FEMA-55 should recommend the use of a licensed engineer for the classification of the soil. U.B.C. AnalVsis Sec. 2908-2910 FEMA-55 discusses the use of piles as the foundation and gives Appendix Chapter some minimum design recommendations. The U.B.C. requires the 23, Division IV. use of piles or columns in V zones but requires their design to be justified by structural calculations. FEMA-55 should recommend that the sizing of the piles is done by a licensed engineer or architect or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMA-55 does not recommend the use of wood posts in either 23, Division IV. flood hazard zone. The U.B.C. requires that in V zones only piles or columns shall be used. all other zones may have any type of designed foundation system. FEMA-55 should allow the use of wood posts in A zones provided the foundation system is designed by a licensed engineer or architect. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2907 and FEMA-55 discusses the use of piers as a foundation system and 2910 provides some design criteria. The U.B.C. provides design Appendix Chapter, criteria that is to be used by a licensed engineer or architect. Division IV. FEMA-55 should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect design the pier foundation or provide a reference to a document that requires such certification. C-14 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Consuct. Manual FEMA-S5) FEMA-55 43.2.1Framing Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.2.2Floor Beams Recommendation FEMA-55 4.3.2.3Joists and Rafters Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.2A Subilooring Recommendation: U.B.C Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-55 discusses the use platform faming in flood-prone Chapter 25 environments. The U.B.C. does not address this specific type of Appendix Chapter framing but instead requires any such design to be based on well23, Division IV. established engineering principles. FEMA-55 should recommend that the design of this type of framing system be done by a licensed engineer or architect or provide a reference to a document that requires such certification, since these areas may also be subject to other lateral forces. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-55 discusses the orientation and sizing of floor beams that Chapter 25 are exposed. The U.l.C. requires that floor beams be designed Appendix Chapter by a licensed engineer or architect taking under consideration all 23, Division IV. loads that it may support. See the recommendation for 4.3.2.1. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.E.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analvsis FEMA-55 discusses types of joists and rafters. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for such members. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses subflooring in flood-prone areas. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for subflooring. C-15 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA-S) FEMA-55 4.3.2.5Studs Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.2.6Wall Sheathing Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.2.7 Wall Bracing Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.2.8 Roof Recommendation: U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-55 briefly discusses the types of studs used. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for stud walls. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses wall sheathing and gives some design criteria. The U.B.C. has specific deign criteria for wall sheathing. FEMA-55 should recommend that an licensed engineer or architect design the wall sheathing as other lateral loads may govern. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.].C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses different types of wall bracing. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for wall bracing. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses different types of roof construction. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for any type of roof. C-16 ICtB UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal ConsrUC Manual FMA-S5) FEMA-55 4.3.3 Foundation Bracing Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.3.1Knee Bracing Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.3.2 Grade Beams Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.3.3Truss Bracing Recommendation: U.B.C. Sec. 2908 and 29,10, Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the use of foundation braces as an effective lateral force resisting system. The U.B.C.requires interconnection for all types of piles, unless proven that another system is adequate. FEMA-55 should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect design these braces and the rest of the foundation system. U.B.C. Sec. 2908 and 2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Sec. 2908 and 2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the use of knee bracing and gives,some design criteria. The U.E.C. requires that pile foundations be designed for lateral forces. Analysis FEMA-55 recommends the use of grade beams to restrain a pile foundation. The U.B.C. requires interconnection of all pile foundation systems or another equivalent form of restraint. FEMA-55 should recognize other methods of foundation restraint. U.B.C. Sec. 2908 and 2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. Analysis FEMA-55 recommends a more substantial pile bracing system when the structure is 10 feet or more above grade or is subject to hurricane force winds. The U.B.C. requires that all foundation systems be designed with all lateral loads considered and provides specific connection details for structures in areas subject to high winds. C-17 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construcdim Manual (FEMA-55) FEMA-55 4.3.3.4Shear Walls Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.4 Connections Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.4.1 Roof to Wall U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 24 FEMA-55 discusses the use of shear walls to resist wind forces. Chapter 26 The U.B.C. requires that the lateral resisting system of a structure Chapter 26 be designed with all lateral loads under consideration. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. FEMA-55 seems to recommend the use of reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry as the only acceptable means of resisting wind loads. FEMA-55 should also consider the use of wood shear walls as an acceptable method of resisting wind and water loads. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Sec. 2510 Sec. 2516-17, Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. Chapter 23 Sec. 2510 Sec. 2516 and 2517 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. Analysis FEMA-55 recommends that extra care is given to the design and detailing of all connections in a structure. The U.B.C. requires that all connections be designed for the loads incurred by the structure. Analysis See analysis of 4.3.4. Recommendation: C-18 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Constution FEMA-55 4.3-4.2Wall to Floor Recommendation: FEMA-55 4-3.4.3Floor Joist to Beam Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.4.4Floor Beam to Pie Recommendation: Ianual FEMA-55), U.B.C. Chapter 22 Sec. 2510 Sec. 2516 and 2517 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. U.B-C. Chapter 23 Sec. 2510 Sec. 2516 and 2517 Appendix Chapter 23, Division TV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Sec. 2510 Sec. 2516 and 2517 Appendix Chapter 22, Division IV Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. Analysis See analysis of 4.3.4. Analysis See analysis of 4.3.4. Analysis See analysis of 4.3.4 C-19' ICBO UNIFORM Coastal Constrcton Manual (FEMA-55) FEMA-55 4.3.5Breakaway Walls Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.5.1Types of Walls Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.5.2Design of Breakaway Walls Recommegdatio: FEMA-55 4.3.6Utilities Recommendation: U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV U.P.C.: BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Analysis FEMA-55 recommends that any sheltered space beneath an elevated structure be enclosed by breakaway walls and gives examples of same. The U.B.C. requires that any enclosing walls beneath an elevated structure be designed and constructed as a breakaway wall. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses different types of breakaway walls. The U.B.C. requires that any breakaway wall be designed for specific loads. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the design of breakaway walls. The U.B.C. requires that any breakaway wall be designed for specific loads. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the protection of utilities in the "Coastal High Hazard' zone. The U.B.C. requires that utilities be protected in both the flood hazard zones. Sec. 315 (e). FEMA-55 should also include the protection of utilities in the "A" flood hazard zone as they subject to similar forces as found on the Coastal High Hazard zone. C-20 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA-55) FEMA-55 4-3-7 4.3.7.1 43.7.2 4.3-7-3 4-3.7.4Protection of the Interior Recommendation: FEMA-55 4.3.8Maintenance Recommendation: FEMA-55 5.1 General Design Recommendation: FEMA-55 5.2Foundations Recommendalon: U.B.C. Sec. 1708 Sec. 2516 Sec. 3201. Sec. 3205 Sec. 4205 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analvsis FEMA-55 discusses the protection of the interior of a structure from wind and water action. The U.B C requires that openings below the base flood elevation (BFE) be protected and that exterior assemblies provide a weather-resistive baffler. The U.B.C. should also address the protection of openings above the BFE from wind and water action. U.B.C. Sec. 104 (d). None. U.B.C. Sec. 2311 and 2321 Appendix Chapter 23. Analysis FEMA-55 recommends regular inspection and maintenance of pilings, exposed connections, exposed protective devices and utilities. The U.B.C. requires that the owner or owner's designate maintain the structure and all devices, and safeguards required by code in a safe and sanitary condition. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the lateral design criteria for larger structures. The U.B.C. requires a lateral analysis of all buildings with no distinction in the size of the building. FEMA-55 recognizes that wind loads may govern in large structures., but should recommend that all lateral loads be considered in the design of all structures. U.B.C. Sec. 2907 and 2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses the types of foundations used an larger structures. The U.B.C. requires that all foundations be designed for the loads they support. C-21 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Constructon FEMA-55 5.3 Slabs-on-grade Recommendation; FEMA-5 5.4 Superstructure Rnrmmend.iw FEMA-55 5.5 Elevated Floors Recommendation: FEMA-55 5.6 Exterior WaUs Recommendation: Manual (FEMA-55) U.B.C. Sec. 2623 See. 2908 (b). None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Chapter 27. None. U.B.C. Chapter 26 Chapter 27. Analysis FEMA-55 briefly discusses the different uses of slabs-on-grade. The U.B.C. prescribes specific design criteria for the different uses of slabs-on-grades. Analysis FEMA-55 discusses some types of structural systems found in larger buildings. The U.B.C. requires that the structural system used be designed according to specific criteria. Analysis FEMA-55 briefly discusses the use of reinforced concrete floors in larger structures. The U.B.C. requires that any floors used in larger structures be designed to meet specific criteria. FEMA-55 should also discuss co posite floor systems as these are prevalent in high-rise construction. U.B.C. Sec. 2309 and 2321 Appendix Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 25. None. Analysis FEMA-55 briefly discusses the types of exterior wall systems and their connections. The U.B.C. require that any exterior wall system used meet specific design criteria. C-22 Coastal Construio FEiMA-55 5.7 Professionals Recommendation: FEMA-55 Figure No. A-1 Number of Piles Recommendation: FEMA-55 Table No. A-1 Vertical Loads on Piles Recommendation: FEMA-55 Table No. A-2Horizontal Wind Load per Pile Recommnendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON anual (FEMA-55) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 302 (b) FEMA-55 recommendsthe use of design professionals in the Appendix Chapter design and construction of larger structures in areas subject to 23, Division IV. wind and wateraction. The U.B.C. requires a licensed engineer or architect for the design of such buildings. None. U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 32 b) FEMA-55 recommends a certain number of piles which is Chapter 23 dependent upon the dimensions of the supported structure. The Chapter 29 U.B.C. requires that an engineer or architect design the piling Appendix Chapter system based on the applied loads and soil conditions. 23, Division V. FEMA-55 should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect design the piling system or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification rather than provide specific design criteria for all situations. Also, FEMA-55 should consider the soil conditions at the site when making design recommendations. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 302 (b) FEMA-55 provides design loads for typical one-and two-story Chapter 23 houses which leads to a recommended pile embedment depth. The Chapter 29 U.B.C. requires that an engineer or architect design the piling Appendix Chapter system based on the applied loads and soil conditions. 23, Division IV. See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 302 (b) FEMA-55 provides wind design loads for typical one-and two- Chapter 23 story houses which leads to the design of the bracing of the piles. Chapter 29 The U.B.C. requires that an engineer or architect design the piling Appendix Chapter system based on the applied loads and soil conditions. 23, Division IV. See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. C-23 ICDO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA-SS) FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Table No. A-3 Minimum Pile Embedment Sec. 302 (b) Chapter 23 Chapter 29 FEMA-55 provides the minimum embedment length of piles based on the loads provided. The U.B.C. requires that an engineer or architect design the piling system based on the applied loads and Appendix Chapter soil conditions. 23, Division IV. Recommendation: See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Table No. A-4 Sec.302 (b) FEMA-55 provides a table of the maximum unbraced pile heights. Maximum Chapter 23 The U.B.C. requires that an engineer or architect design the piling Unbraced Pile Chapter 29 system based on the applied loads and soil conditions. Height Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Recommend&tiorn: See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Table No. A-4.1 Sec. 302 (b) FEMA-55 provides a table of the maximum unbraced pile heights Maximum Chapter 23 that support breakaway walls. The U.B.C. requires that an Unbraced Pile Chapter 29 engineer or architect design the piling system based on the applied Heights Supporting Appendix Chapter loads and soil conditions. Breakaway Walls 23, Division IV. Recommendation: See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. FEMA-55 Analysis Table No. A-S Sec. 302 (b) FEMA-55 provides wind loads that are to be used in the design of Uplift Loads per Chapter 23 the connections between floors. The Uniform Building Code Foot of Wall Chapter 29 requires that an engineer or architect design the lateral resisting Appendix Chapter system based on the applied loads. 23, Division IV. Recommendation: See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. C-24 Coastal Construction FEMA-55 Table No. A-6 Uplift Loads per Pile Recommendation: FEMA-55 Table No. A-7 Bolt Capacity of Floor Bean Connections Recommendation: FEMA-55 Table No. A-S Concrete Masonry Piers Recommendsin: FEMA-55 Table No. A-9 Concrete Piers Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Mnual FEMA-55) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 302 (b) FEMA-55 provides a table of loads to be used in the design of the Chapter 23 connection of the floor beams to the piles. The Uniform Building Chapter 29 Code requires that an engineer or architect design the lateral Appendix Chapter resisting system based on the applied loads. 23, Division V. See the recommendation for Figure No. A-1. U.B.C. Analysis Table No. 26-E FEMA-55 provides bolt capacities based on the type of connection. Sec. 2510 The U.B.C. provides design loads based on the material in which Table No. 25-F. the bolts are used. FEMA-55 should also base their design tables on the materials used along with the connection requirements. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 provides recommended reinforcing requirements for Chapter 24 areas subject to high winds. The Uniform Building Code requires Appendix Chapter that an engineer or architect design these concrete masonry piers 24. for any horizontal loads that it may be subjected to. FEMA-55 should require that an engineer or architect design all concrete masonry piers or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification rather than providing prescriptive reinforcing requirements. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 provides prescriptive reinforcing requirements for Chapter 26 structures that are subject to high winds. The Uniforn Building Code requires that an engineer or architect design such structures with all loads taken into account. FEMA-55 should require that an engineer or architect design all concrete piers based on the loads generated by such winds rather that provide prescriptive reinforcing requirements or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. C-25 CoastalConstuctin FEMA-55 Figure No. A-2 Concrete Pier Cross Section Recommendatign: FEMA-55 Figure No. A-3 Grade Beams and Slabs Recommendtio FEMA-55 Table No. A-10 Fastener Capacities in Shear Reconmmndaton FEMA-55 Table No. 11-A Fasteners for Breakaway Walls Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual (FEMA-55) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. Chapter 26 2303 FEMA-55 provides two diagrams of recommended locations for the reinforcing steel. Also, FEMA-55 recommends the use of No. 3 ties at 16 inches on center as the shear reinforcement for the concrete pier. The U.B.C. requires that all concrete piers be designed for both flexure and shear stresses. FEMA-55 should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect design the concrete pier rather than provide specific design recommendations for all situations or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 provides a diagram for the recommended location of the Chapter 26 steel reinforcing in grade beams and other specific design criteria. Also, this figure contains specific reinforcing requirements for slabs located in areas subject to these conditions. The Uniform Building Code requires such structural members be designed by a licensed engineer or architect based on the applied loads and conditions of the site. FEMA-55 should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect should design such members based on the applied loads and site conditions. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 provides specific shear capacities for nails, screws and Tables Nos. 24-D-dowel pins. The Uniform Building Code provides specific criteria 1 and 24-D-2 for the design of all fasteners. Table No. 24-E Tables Nos. 25-F, G, H, , K, 0. Q. FEMA-55 should recommend the use of the shear capacity requirements in the building code of that project's jurisdiction. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 provides specific design criteria for the fasteners for Appendix Chapter breakaway walls. The Uniform Building Code requires that these 23, Division IV. breakaway walls be designed in accordance with specific loading criteria. None. C-26 Coastl Constructio FEMA-55 Appendix B Bracing Recommendation: FEMA-55 B.1 Knee Bracing Recommendation: FEMA-55 B.2 Truss Bracing Recommendation: FEMA-55 B.2.1 Diagonals ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual (FEMA-Sf U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 discusses the use of pile bracing. The U.B.C. requires See. 2908 and that a lateral resisting pile system be designed with wind loads, 2910 water and wave action under consideration. Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. FEMA-55 should recommend the use of an engineer or architect in the design of such a foundation system or provide a reference to a document that does rquire such certification. U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 discusses the use of knee braces and the detailing of Sec. 2908 and snme. The Uniform Building Code requires that such connections 2910 and braces be designed by a licensed engineer or architect with Appendix Chapter wind, water and wave action under consideration. 23. Division N. FEMA-55 should recognize the use of other forms of bracing as well as requiring the use of a licensed engineer or architect in the design of such a system or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 recommends that truss bracing be designed per the Sec. 2908 and following sections. The U.B.C. requires that such a bracing 2910 system be designed by a licensed engineer or architect. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-55 should require the use of a licensed engineer or architect to design such a bracing system or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 discusses, in general terms, the use of diagonals as a Sec. 2908 and bracing element and gives some specific design examples. The 2910 U.B.C., on the other hand, relies on a design by a licensed Appendix Chapter engineer or architect rather than specific design criteria. 23, Division V. Recommendation: FEMA-55 should rely on the design of a licensed engineer or architect or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification rather than providing specific design criteria. C-27 Coastal Consucti FEMA-55 Lumber Diagonals Rpcommendation: FEMA-55 B.2.1.2 Thread Bar Diagonals Recommendaon: FEMA-55 B.2.2 Struts Recommendato ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual (FEMA-55) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-5S gives specific design criteria and examples for all Chapter 25 conditions. The U.B.C. requires a design by a licensed engineer Sec. 2908 and or architect given the site conditions. 2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-55 should rely more on the design of a licensed engineer or architect rather than give specific design criteria. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 gives recommendations for specific manufactured Chapter 27 product as the use of a thread bar diagonal. The Uniform Building Sec. 2908 and Code requires that these diagonals be designed by a licensed 2910 engineer or architect based on the applied loads and site Appendix Chapter conditions. 23, Division IV. FEMA-S5 should not recommend a specific manufacturer and should rely on the design of a licensed engineer or architect or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 provides specific design criteria for struts and makes Chapter 25 specific manufacturer recommendations. The U.B.C. relies on a Sec. 2908 and design by a licensed engineer or architect based on the implied 2910 loads and site conditions. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. See recommendation of B.2.1.2. C-28 Coastal Constudn FEMA-55 Grade Bcams Recommendation: FEMA-55 D.1 Procedure A-1 Downward Loads per Pile Recommendation: FEMA-55 D.2 ProcedureA-2 Wind Loads per Pile Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual FEMA-5 U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-55 discusses the at-grade supports of a piling system by Chapter 26 certain materials. The U.B.C. requires such a design to be by a Sec. 2908 and licensed engineer or architect based on the applied loads and site 2910 conditions. Appendix Chapter 23, Division lV. FEMA-55 should rely upon the design of a licensed engineer or architect or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. U.B.C. Analvsis Chapter 23 FEMA-55 provides a simplistic approach to calculating the Sec. 2908-2910. downward loads per pile. It also assumes certain dead and live loads without providing justification for the figures. The U.B C. requires that the engineer or architect base the design dead and live loads on the use of the structure. Also, the load per pile is based on the tributary area supported by the pile and a reduction is given for any group action that may be used in the system. FEMA-55 should indicate that this is a design example only and not a procedure to be used for every situation that may arise. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-55 provides a simplistic procedure for the calculation of the Sec. 2908-2910. wind loads per pile given a specific design situation. The U.B.C. provides two methods, normal force method and projected area method for calculating the wind loads on any given building. It also provides the means for calculating loads generated at roof eaves, ridges, overhangs and also on miscellaneous structures and provides criteria for calculating the loads on leeward elements. See the recommendation for D.1, Procedure A-k. C-29 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Constrtio Manual (FEMA-55) FEMA-55 D.3 Procedure A-3 Minimum Embedment of Piles Recommendation: FEMA-55 D.4 ProcedureA4 Maximum Unbraced Pile Height Recommendation: FEMA-5 D.5 Procedure A-4.1 Maximum Unbraced Height for Piles Supporting Breakaway Walls Recommendation: U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2908-2910. FEMA-55 gives the design procedure for two types of piles in two different types of soil. These procedures come up with an embedment length for two different diameters of these piles based on the soils equations provided therein. The Uniform Building Code relies on the investigation of a soils engineer and subsequent recommendations for the minimum embedment depth of piles. FEMA-55 should recommend that a soils engineer-by consulted and a soils report be undertaken for each specific site as the soil conditions vary from site to site. U.B.C. Sec. 2908-2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division W. Analysis FEMA-55 provides design equations for the calculation of moments due to wave, current, debris impact and wind forces which ultimately leads to the allowable bending moment of piles and then to the maximum unbraced pile height. The Uniform Building Code requires that the structural system be designed in accordance with well established engineering principles with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads being considered and requires that the required loading be established by an investigation of the conditions at the site. FEMA-55 should indicate the source of the equations used for the forces calculated. U.B.C. Sec. 2908-2910 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-55 provides a means of calculating the unbraced height for piles that support breakaway walls. The Uniform Building Code require that the structural system be designed in accordance with well established engineering principles with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads being considered. The required loading should be established by an investigation of the conditions at the job site or by approved national standards. See the recommendation for D.4, Procedure A-4. C-30 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) CONPARISON Coastal Construction Manual FEMA-55) FEMA-55 D.6 Procedure A-5 Wall Uplift Loads Recommendation: FEMA-55 D.7 Procedure A6 Pile Uplift Loads Recommendation: FEMA-55 D.S Procedure B-1 Horizontal Water Loads per Pile Recommendation: U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23. FEMA-5S provides an example of a method of calculating wind generated uplift loads in the walls of a building given specific design criteria. The U.B.C. requires that a licensed engineer or architectconsider all of the loads generated by wind forces, including uplift forces, in the design of the structure. FEMA-S5 should recommend the use of a licensed engineer or architect in the design of such structures and should indicate that this is a design example that may not be appropriate for all situations. U.B.C. Analvsis Chapter 23. FEMA-55 provides an example of a method of calculating the uplift loads generated by wind forces per pile. The U.B.C. requires that a licensed engineer or architect design the piling system for wind generated uplift loads depending on the design of the structure and the site conditions. FEMA-55 should require that a licensed engineer or architect design the structure with all loads under consideration or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. It should also indicate that this is a design example which may not be appropriate for all situations. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-55 provides a method of calculating lateral loads due to wave, current drag, debris impact forces an each pile. The Uniform Building Code requires that the piling be designed in accordance with well established engineering principles and with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads under consideration. The required loading should be established by an investigation of the site conditions or approved national standards. FEMA-55 should require that a licensed engineer or architect consider these forces in the design of the building or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. C-31 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA-SS) FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis D.9 Procedure B-2 Loads Transferred Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-55 has a brief description of a procedure to evaluate any loads resulting from lateral forces which may be transferred to horizontal or diagonal bracing members. The U.B.C. requires that to the Foundation a complete load path be identified and designed for both lateral Truss Members and vertical loads. See the recommendation for D.S. FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix G.2 Sec. 102. FEMA-55 recommends that this sample Coastal Construction Code Purpose supplement the local building code with the more restrictive requirements governing. The purpose of the U.B.C. is to provide minimum standards for the protection of property and public welfare for all buildings within the local jurisdiction. Recommendation: None. FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix G.3 Sec. 103. Scope of FEMA-55 includes only residential structures, both large Scope and small and the additions thereto, even though Chapter 5 in the Coastal Construction Manual addresses larger structures which seems to include both commercial and industrial buildings. The scope of the U.B.C., on the other hand, includes all buildings and miscellaneous structures within the authority of the local building official. Recommendation: FEMA-55 should include, within the sample Coastal Construction Code, any other uses which may be subjected to these kinds of conditions. C-32 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Consiuncth Manual (FEMA-Sl FEMA-55 Appendix G.4 Definitions Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.S Elevation Standards Recommendatio:: FEMA-55 Appendix G.6 Loading Forces Recommendaion: U.B.C. Chapter 4 Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis The definitions found in the sample Coastal Construction Code in FEMA-55 are strictly related to the design of structures subject to flood, wave and wind actions. Half of the definitions in FEMA-55 are located in the U.B.C. and most of those are compatible with the Uniform Building Code. However, the definition of grade is in conflict with U.B.C. The other definitions located in FEMA-55 are indirectly referenced in the U.B.C. by way of a reference to approved national standards. FEMA-55 should develop language that correlates the definition of "grade" with the U.BC., such as replacing the term 'adjoining" with a specific distance at which point the measurement is taken. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analysis FEMA-55 has a provision in this section where a setback can be established, where within same, no new construction or substantial improvements are allowed. Also, all new construction or substantial improvements in this provision must have their lowest horizontal structural member supporting the elevated floor at or above the base flood elevation. The U.B.C. does not establish a setback where construction is not allowed. It requires that all new construction or improvements have the lowest horizontal structural member at or above base flood elevation. Analysis FEMA-55 recommends that the structural design in coastal high- hazard areas consider the effects the wind and water loads acting simultaneous during a base flood on all building components. The U.B.C. states that the structural system shall be designed in accordance with well established engineering principles with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads under consideration and that the required loading shall be established by an investigation of the conditions at the site or approved national standards. C-33 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDINCODE (U.B.C) COMARISN Coastal Constiuction Manual FEMA-55) 0. ; -. Analysis, FEMA-55 U.B.C. . . ' I Appendix G.6.1 Appendix Chapter FEMA-55 states that the structurl ,design shall take horizontal Water Loads , 23, Division IV.l;Y . . water loads under consideration and shall consider specific forces, of waves. and other forces in the anlysis. The U.B.C. requires that the structural system shal, be designed in accordance with well established engineering principles and' with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads under consideration and that the loading shall be established by an investigation of the site conditions or approved national standards. Recommendation: None. FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analvsis Appendix G.6.2 Chapter 23 FEMA-55 recommends that all buildings be designed to resist Wind Loads Appendix Chapters wind load pressures based on ANSI Standard A 58.1-198'. The 24 and 25. Uniform Building Code.requiresthat all buildings be designed and detailedto resist pressures and includes a the forces due towind number of the provisions from the ANSI Standard. 5 inu .A t i of N: S A 5 : -should 1 l. tes eo Recommendation: FrEMA-55,should include the latestedition of ANSI Standard A 8. 1 which is now ASCE 7-88. Ir I-..;-. FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix G.7 Chapter 29 FEMA-55 requires that all structures built in the coastal high- Foundation Appendix Chapter hazard area be designed and detailed to resist lateral forces 'due to Standards 23, Division IV. wind and water pressures. The U.B.C. requires that all loads that the building might be subject to be taken into consideration in the structural calculations and designed appropriately. Recommendation: None. FEMA-55 U.8.C. Analysis ,~ . : 2 ,.:: . Appendix G.7.1: Sec. 29082910 fFEMA*55: has some specific,.design criteria for pile, foundations. Pile Foundation ' Appendix Chapter. The U.B.C. requires that the structural system, in this case the pile Design ' ' I 23, Division [V. f:.!-. Ioundation, be designed in accordance with well established engineering principles and take into consideration hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads. Also, the required loading and design shall be established by an investigation of the site conditions or approved national standards., Recommendation: FEMA-55 should include a provision for soil investigations to deternine the site soil conditions. ' C-34 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Construcd FEMA-55 Appendix G.7.2 Column Foundations Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.8 Anchoring Standards Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.I Connectors and Fasteners Recommendatio: Manual (FEMA-5S) U.B.C. Chapters 24, 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division [V. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. Analvsis FEMA-55 briefly discusses the use of masonry piers and poured- in-place concrete piers and requires that they be reinforced to resist both vertical and lateral loads and be interconnected. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria for such piers and also requires that they be interconnected. Analysis FEMA-55 requires that the entire structural system be tied together to prevent flotation collapse or a permanent lateral movement due to a base flood event concurrent with the one-hundred-year design wind velocity. The U.B.C. requires that the structural system of a building or structure shall be tied together to resist the flotation, collapse, or permanent lateral movement due to loads to flooding equal to the base flood elevation. Another provision requires that the structure be designed and tied together to resist basic wind speeds from 80 to 110 miles per hour. The U.B.C. should consider one-hundred-year design wind velocities concurrently with the base floor elevation forces. U.B.C. Sec. 2510 Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. None. Analysis FEMA-55 requires that these connections be adequate for the loads applied and also, if exposed, shall be protected against corrosion. The U.B.C. also requires that connections be adequate fr the applied loads and also be corrosion resistant if exposed to a corrosive environment. C-35 ICBO UNIFORM Coastal Construn Manual (FEMA-55) BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Analysis FEMA-55 has design requirements for specific beam to pile connections with no consideration for other possibly structural adequate connectors. The Uniform Building Code requires that these connections be designed by a licensed engineer or architect based on the applied loads, but does require that any connectors that are exposed to corrosive environments be protected. FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.2 Beam to Pile Connections Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.3 Floor and Deck Connections FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.4 Exterior Wall Connections Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.5 Ceiling Joist and Rafter Connections Recommendation: U.B.C. Sec. 2510 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-55 should allow for other structurally adequate connections. U.B.C. Chapter 25. Analysis FEMA-55 has specific design criteria for floor and deck connections in coastal high-hazard areas. The U.B.C. requires that a licensed engineer or architect design these connections for the applied loads and site conditions. FEMA-55 should consider other structurally adequate materials than what is prescribed within their provisions provided a licensed engineer or architect verifies the adequacy. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 25. FEMA-55 contains specific design criteria for exterior wall connections. The U.B.C. requires that exterior wall connections be designed and detailed by a licensed engineer or architect to support the applied loads. FEMA-55 should recommend other types of designed exterior wall connections. U.B.C. Sec. 2303 Sec. 2510 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-55 requires that the roof framing and ceiling be designed in such a manner as to provide a continuous tie across the rafters and that an adequate connection to the exterior walls be provided. The Uniform Building Code requires that these connections be designed by a licensed engineer or architect for the applied loads. FEMA-55 should recognize other types of systems which may provide this continuous tie. C-36 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.CJ. COMPARISON Coat Construciw Manual FEMA-55) FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.6 Projecting Members FEMA-55 Appendix G.8.9 Roof Sheathing Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.10 Protection of Openings U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 Sec_ 2510 Appendix 23, Division IV. ChWper FEMA-55 gives design provisions for small overhangs and projecting members and requires that larger projecting members be designed by a licensed engineer or architect. The Uniform Building Code requires that all such projecting members be designed and detailed given the applied loads by a licensed engineer or architect. FEMA-55 should require that all projecting members be designed by a licensed engineer or architect. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-55 has specific design criteria for roof sheathing on Chapter 25 buildings in the coastal high-hazard areas and also for the design Chapter 32 of roofs in these areas. The Uniform Building Code requires that Appendix Chapter roof sheathing be detailed in a manner that allows any design of 23, Division IV. roof if high winds and water forces are considered. FEMA-55 should recognize other types of roofs if they are designed by a licensed engineer or architect U.B.C. Analysis None. FEMA-55 requires that exterior openings be designed and detailed to withstand high wind speeds and recommends additional protection such as storm shutters. The Uniform Building Code has no such provision. The Uniform Building Code should address the protection of exterior openings from wind and water action that are above the base flood elevation. C-37 ICrO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastl Construcd Manual (FEMA-55) FEMA-55 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix G. 11 Appendix Chapter FEMA-55 requires that all new construction and substantial Use of Space 23, Division IV. improvements within the coastal high-hazard zone must have the Below the Lowest space below the base flood elevation free of obstruction or Elevated Floor constructed with breakaway walls. Enclosed space, may be used only for vehicular parking or access to the building. The U.B.C. requires that the space below the base flood elevation in coastal high-hazard zones be free of obstruction except that it allows the storage of portable or mobile items that can be moved in the event of a storm to be located below the lowest floor as well as stairs and entrances required to access the building. Recommendation: FEMA-55 should not allow enclosed space for vehicular parking unless it is provided by breakaway walls and should recognize that portable or temporary storage of items can be located there. U.B.C. Analvsis Appendix G. 1.1 Appendix Chapter FEMA-55 requires that breakaway walls be designed for loads as Breakaway Wall 23. Division IV. designate by the jurisdiction and gives some design Design recommendations for the design of the piles that support the breakaway walls. The Uniform Building Code requires that breakaway walls be designed for specific criteria and includes these loads in the design of the pile system. Recommendation: None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix G.11.2 Appendix Chapter FEMA-S5 allows the use of breakaway walls designed for greater Certification of 23, Division IV. loads than twenty pounds per square foot if designed by a licensed Breakaway Walls architect or engineer. The Uniform Building Code does not allow the use of breakaway walls that are designed above twenty pounds per square foot. RecommendatiPn: The Uniform Building Code should recognize that the design of breakaway walls with a higher loads considered May be appropriate under certain circumstances. C-38 ICEO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Coastal Consuetn Manual FEMA-55) FEMA-55 Appendix G. 12 Utilities Recommendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G. 13 Certification Recormendation: FEMA-55 Appendix G.14 Reference Documents Recommendation: U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Sec. 2303 Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. Analvsis FEMA-55 requires that all machinery servicing the building be elevated at or above the base flood elevation (BFE) or that any system below the BFE be provided with protection from water penetration. The U.B.C. requires that new or replacement utilities that service the building be placed above the base flood elevation or protected against water penetration. Analysis FEMA-55 requires that all new or substantial improvements to residential buildings in coastal high-hazard zones either be designed by a licensed engineer or architect or certified as meeting standard accepted practices. The Uniform Building Code requires that all such structures be designed and detailed by a licensed engineer or architect. FEMA-55 should require a design by a licensed engineer or architect or provide a reference to a document that does require such certification. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. None. Analysis FEMA-55 lists the documents used in determining the design wind and water forces an structures and provides a reference to the Coastal Construction Manual. The U.B.C. provides specific criteria for wind and high-wind design or requires that such design of the structures meet approved national standards. C-39 ICBO UNIFORM BILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Elevated Residentinl Structures (FEMA-4) FEMA-54 U.B.C. Analysis' Posts Sc. 2908-2910 FEMA-54 discusses, generally, the use and design of post Appendix Chapter foundations. The Uniform Building Code gives specific design 23, Division IV. criteria for such foundations. Recommendatiol. None. FEMA-54 U.B.C. Analysis Post Embedment Sec. 2507 FEMA-54 discusses some general construction practices for post Sec. 2516 foundations. The Uniform Building Code requires a design by a Sec. 2908-2910 licensed engineer or architect and provides specific design criteria Appendix Chapter for these foundations. 23, Division IV. Recommendation: FEMA-54 should recommend the use of a soils investigation report by a licensed soil engineer in the design of the foundation system. FEMA-54 U.B.C. Analysis Post Anchorage Sec. 2510 FEMA-54 recommends the anchorage of posts to the foundation. Sec. 2910 The U.B.C. requires that such connections be designed by a Appendix Chapter licensed engineer or architect with all applied loads considered. 23, Division IV Appendix Chapter 25. Recommendation: None. FEMA-54 U.B.C. Analysis Piers Sec. 2403-2409 FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, pier foundations in areas Sec. 2907 subject to flood events. The Uniform Building Code has specific Appendix Chapter design criteria for pier foundations in these same areas. 23, Division IV. Recommendation: None. C-40 [CBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMIPARISON Elevated Residenia FEMA-54 Brick in Concrete Masonry Piers Recommendation: FEMA-54 Concrete Piers Recommendation: FEMA-54 Pier Footings Recommendation: FEMA-54 Shear Walls and Diaphragms Strucures FEMA-54) U.B-C. Sec. 2403-2409 Sec. 2907 Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. None. U.B.C. Chapter 26 Sec. 2907 Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the design of brick in concrete masonry piers and recommends that the long dimension of the pier be placed parallel to any anticipated flood flow. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria for the use these masonry pier foundations of brick in concrete in A Zones, but has no requirement for the placement of these piers parallel to any anticipated flood flow. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, piers as a foundation system and gives, recommendations as to their use. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria for concrete pier foundations given the applied loads and soil conditions. FEMA-54 should recommend the use of a soils engineer and soils investigation report in determining the best type of foundation. U.B.C. Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the sizing of pier footings in the foundation system and gives a recommendation that a soils engineer be consulted prior to the design of such a footing. The Uniform Building Code has, specific design criteria for the design of the footings and embedment and requires a soils investigation. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general tens, the use of wood shear walls and wood floor diaphragms to transfer any horizontal forces to the foundation system. It does not recommend their use in coastal V Zones. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for the use of shear walls as a bracing system and does not exclude the use of other materials, such as masonry or concrete shear walls. Recommendation: None. C-41 Elevated Resideial FEMA-54 Pier Foundation Connections Recommendation: FEMA-54 Floor Beams Renommendation: FEMA-54 Cantilevers FEMA-54 Floor Joist/Floor Beam Connections ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U!B.C.) COMPARISON Structures (FEMA-54) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 FEMA-54 recommends certain pier foundation connections and Sec. 2613 gives some specific design criteria. The U.B.C. requires that Sec. 2907. these connections be designed by a licensed engineer or architect for the applied loads. As these are very important connections. it is recommended that FEMA-54 recommend the use of a licensed engineer or architect in the design of these connections and that it should recognize that other connections may be more adequate for the same purpose. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 2S. FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the different sizes and types of floor beams used in construction of residential structures and gives some general design recommendations. The Uniform Building Code requires that floor beams be designed for the applied loads by a licensed engineer or architect and that they meet specific design criteria. FEMA-54 should recommend that these members and any splices of some be designed by a licensed engineer or architect. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 25 FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the use of a cantilevered. Chapter 29. floor area to reduce the number of piles in the foundation system. The U.B.C. requires that a pile foundation system be design by a licensed engineer or architect for the applied loads. None. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 25 FEMA-54 recommends that a positive connection be developed Appendix Chapters between the first floor joists and the floor beams supporting them 23, 24 and 25. and discusses, in general terms, the usage of straps as the connection. The U.B.C. requires that approved anchors be installed to provide a continuous tie from the roof to the foundation system and that these connections be designed by a licensed engineer or architect. Recommendation: FEMA-54 should recommend the use of a licensed engineer or architect in the design of a substantial connection. C42 ICBO UNIFORM Elevated Residential Soctures FEMA-54) FEMA-54 Figure No. 448 Protected Utility Shaft Recommendation: FEMA-54 Mechanical Equipment Recommendation: FEMA-54 Septic Tanks Recommendation: FEMA-54 Building Materials U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division WV. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division [V. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). None. U.B.C. Chapters 24, 25, 26 Appendix Chapter 23,, Division IV. BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Analysis FEMA-54 provides a diagram of a recommended protective utility shaft. The Uniform Building Code requires that mechanical and electrical systems be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent any water from entering the system's components during a flood event. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses the elevating of all mechanical equipment above the base flood elevation and the protection of same due to a flood event. The Uniform Building Code requires that all mechanical equipment either be placed above the base floor elevation or protected against a flood event. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses the protection of septic tanks during a flood event. The Uniform Building Code requires that such equipment be protected to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the tank. Analysis FBMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the protection of different types of building materials from a corrosive environment. The Uniform Building 'Code requires that materials in corrosive environments be protected in an approved manner. Recommendation: FEMA-54 should not recommend that the designer use specific manufacturers or industrial groups for the protection of their products. The wording should be in general terms. C-43 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Elevated Residential Structures (FEMA-54) FEMA-54 Wood Recommendation: FEMA-54 Steel Recommendation: FEMA-54 Concrete and Masonry Recommendation: FEMA-54 Insulation U.B.C. Chapter 25 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the treatment of wood to protect it against a corrosive environment. The Uniform Building Code requires that wood exposed to such environments be protected with an approved preservative treatment. FEMA-54 should not recommend that a designer seek the guidance of a specific manufacturer of preservative in the guidelines. The terms should be more general. U.B.C. Chapter 1 Chapter 27 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses the protection of steel structural members that are exposed to a corrosive environment. The U.B.C. does not have a specific requirement for the protection of steel. Rather, it requires that a structure be maintained in a safe condition which also has been interpreted as being protected from corrosive environments. The U.B.C. should address the protection of steel structural elements specifically in Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. U.B.C. Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the use of chemical admixtures in surface treatments in the protection and strengthening of reinforced concrete and masonry block in corrosive environments. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria for the use of chemical admixtures in reinforced concrete and masonry construction. FEMA-54 should not recommend a specific manufacturer for these products. U.B.C. Sec. 1714 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-54 discusses, in general terms, the insulating of buildings. The Uniform Building Code requires that buildings are insulated per the requirements of the Model Energy Code and that such insulation meets specific design criteria. Recommendation: None. C-44 ICBO UNIFORM Elevated Resienti Sucture (FEMA-54) BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Analysis FEMA-54 goes into much greater detail in defining the terms used in flood-resistant construction. The Uniform Building Code goes into much less detail in these definitions and only classifies the hazard zones into two zones, A Zones and V Zones Analvsis FEMA-54 identifies and defines loads which buildings may be subject to during a flood event and then provides three standards to which a building may be designed to. The U .B.C. has these different load definitions, however, the specific water loads and soil loads are left to the design of the engineer. Also, the U.B.C. has only one standard which the building can be designed to and that is the prescribed code requirements in this document. FEMA-54 Glossary Recommendation: FEMA-54 Performance Criteria Recommendation: U-BC. Chapter 4 Appendix Chapter 23, Division DI. None. U.B.C. Chapter 1 Chapter 4 Chapter 23 Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Both documents serve different purposes. C-45 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Retrofltgin, Flod-e Residential Structures (FEMA-114) FEMA-114 3.5 Foundation Walls Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 3.12 Extended Wall Foundations Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 3.13 Anchorageof Super-Structured Foundation Recommendation: U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division V. Analysis FEMA-414 discusses the protection of a structure by elevating it above its original foundation and the various methods of achieving that. The Uniform Building Code provides design criteria for the design of such elevated structures. However, it is only required that these buildings be elevated above the BFE. Analysis FEMA-114 discusses, in general terms, the design of extended reinforced concrete masonry and reinforced concrete extended wall foundations and provides some recommended construction practices as well as reference to Appendix C which provides a method for calculating the different loads that the building may be subject to. The Uniform Building Code provides specific design criteria for these types of foundations as well as standards of quality of the construction materials. FEMA-114 should recognize that seismic forces may govern over wind loads in certain areas of the country andshould recommend the use of a licensed engineer or architect in the design of such structures. FEMA-114 should also recognize the latest edition of all referenced standards within that portion of text. Chapter 23 Sec. 2510 Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. Analysis FEMA-114 provides a good discussion on the anchorage of exterior walls and floor diaphragms to the foundation system. Also, a number of details are provided to assist in the construction of such an anchor. The Uniform Building Code requires that these connections be provided and that a licensed engineer or architect design such connections given the applied loads on the building. FEMA-114 should reference the latestedition of the ACI Standard 318. C-46 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Retrofitting Flood-Prone Residential Structures FEMA-114} FEMA-1 14 3.14 Open Foundations Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 6.2 Flood Wall Considerations Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 6.3 Techniques and Materials Recommendation: U BC. Analvsis Chapter 23 FEMA-114 discusses, in general terns, the use of piers. columns Chapter 24 and piles as a foundation system in flood-prone areas. The Chapter 25 Uniform Building Code requires that piles or columns be used in Chapter 26 V Zones only and gives specific design criteria for the use of Chapter 29 same. Appendix Chapter 23, Division V Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. FEMA-114 should discuss the use of a soils engineer and soils report in determining the embedment length of piles and the soil-bearing pressure in flood-prone areas. U.B .C. Analysis None. FEMA-1 14 discusses the use of flood walls in the protection of residential structures. The U.B.C. requires that such buildings are elevated above the base flood elevation and has no provisions for such retrofitting of existing residential structures. It is recommended that the U.B C. develop some provisions for the retrofitting of existing buildings or at least refer to approved national standards. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-l 14 discusses the different types of flood walls and the Chapter 24 materials used in their construction. The U.B.C_ provides specific Chapter 26. design criteria for the materials used in walls. None. C-47 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Retrofittin FodPrne Reidential Sbuctures (FEMA-114) FEMA-1 14 6.5 Technical Design Criteria Recommendation: FEMA-114 7.2 Closure Considerations Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 7.3 Low Profile Closures Recommendation: FEMA-14 7.4 Closure Materials and Construction U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Chapter 29. Analysis FEMA-l 14 discusses specific design criteria for the materials used in flood walls and provides specific references to ACI Standards. It also provides a good discussion of the adequacy of the soil at the site to bear the applied loads. The U.B.C. provides specific design criteria for the design of walls, and also, requires that a soils investigation be done under specific conditions. FEMA-114 should recognize the authority of the local building codes, rather than recommend the use of standards which may not be recognized by the jurisdiction. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-1 14 discusses the closure of any openings in either flood walls or exterior walls of a building and recommends that a professional engineer be consulted for the design of such closures. The U.B.C. requires that openings below the base flood elevation shall be provided with water-tight closures designed to withstand the applied loads. Analysis FEMA-114 discusses the use of low profile, permanent closures around openings which may be below grade. The U.B.C. requires that openings below the base flood elevation shall be provided with watertight closures designed to withstand the applied loads. Analysis FEMA-114 discusses the types of materials used in construction of the closures at openings in flood walls. The U.B.C. provides specific design criteria for the use of such materials under the applied loads. Recommendation: None. C48 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Retrofigting Fbod-Prone Reidential Structures fFEMA-1l4) FEMA-114 7.6 Technical Design Criteria for Closures Recommendation; FEMA-1 14 8.2 Sealant Considerations Recommendation: FEMA-114 8.3 Sealing Techniques Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 8.4 Closures U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 25 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analvsis FEMA-114 provides a method for calculating potential flood forces. The U.B.C. recommends the use of well-established engineering principles and/or approved national standards and provides the allowable stresses for such materials used. FEMA-114 should recognize the authority of the local building codes in determining the allowable stresses for such materials. U.B.C. Sec. 1708 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-114 discusses the problem of sealing different types of walls from water penetration. The U.B.C. requires that such walls be designed to withstand hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads during the occurrence of flooding, but not necessarily to resist the penetration of the water due to the flood event. It does. however. address the sealing of openings in walls below. the base flood elevation. Both the U.B.C. and FEMA-114 should develop some language to address acceptable water penetration. U.B.C. Sec. 1708 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division W. Analysis FEMA-114 discusses several techniques of sealing exterior walls that are exposed to waters due to a flood event. The U.B C. has no such provision. The U.B.C. requires that the exterior walls be weatherproo fed to protect the interior finish of the wall Analysis FEMA-114 discusses a few sealing techniques for larger openings such as windows and doors. The U.B.C. requires that openings below the base flood elevation shall be provided with water-tight closures designed to withstand the applied loads. Recommendation: None. C-49 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Retrofttings Flood-Prone FEMA-1 14 8.5 Design Details Recommendation: FEMA-114 8.7 Technical Design Criteria Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 9.4 Permanent Protective Measuresof Utilities Recomme4datio: FEMA-1 14 9.5 Utility Relocations to Existing Space Residential Structures (FEMA-114) U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-1 14 recommends that all walls subject to flood waters be des igned for hydrodynamic, hydrostatic and impact loads due to the flood event. The U.B.C. also requires that such walls be designed to withstand the same applied loads. Analysis FEMA-1 14 discusses the use of the materials in the structural analysis of walls that are subject to hydrodynamic, hydrostatic and impact loads. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for the use of such materials and requires that they are also designed for these same applied loads. FEMA-114 should recognize the authority of the local building codes in the design of such walls and should only reference the latest edition of the ACI Standards as guidelines. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). Analysis FEMA-114 discusses a number of techniques of protecting utilities that may be subject to flood waters due to a flood event. The Uniform Building Code requires that electrical and mechanical equipment either be placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering or accumulating in the system due to a flood event. Analysis FEMA-114 discusses methods of protecting different utilities from flood events using existing space within the structure. The U.B.C. just requires that new or replacement electrical and mechanical equipment be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering the system. RecomllendalkE None. C-SO ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Retrofrt FldProe FEMA-1 14 9.6 Utility Relocations to New Space Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 9'.8 Storage Tank Anchorage Recommendation: FEMA-1 14 10.4 Floating Structures Recommendation: FEMA-114 Appendix C Forces Recommendation: Residential Sbrcures URC Appendix Chapter 23, Division W. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. FEMA-114) Analysis FEMA-114 discusses the protection of utilities by relocating them to new additions that are above or protected from the base flood event The Uniform Building Code just requires that new or replacement electrical and mechanical equipment be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering the system. Analysis FEMA-1 14 discusses methods of anchoring fuel tanks in the event that the buoyant force may lift the tank during a flood event. The Uniform Building Code does not regulate such structures Analvsis FEMA-1 14 discusses an unusual method of flood-proofing a structure by allowing it to rise or fall with the flood waters The Uniform Building Code does not allow such a situation. Analysis FEMA-1 14 discusses the methods for calculating hydrostatic. hydrodynamic and impact loads as well as wind loads on the structures that may be subject to flood events. The Uniform Building Code makes reference to approved national standards and site conditions for hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and impact loads, but has a specific methodology for calculating wind loads. C-51 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON ManUal for the Condirution of Residential Basements in Nn-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) FEMA-102 E Contingent Flood Proofing Measures Recommadatko FEMA-102 F. Flood Shields Recommendation: F.2 Watertight Doors Recommendation: FEMA-102 F.3 Moveable Flood Wails Recommendation: U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Analysis FEMA-102 discusses the different types of flood proofing measures andtheir advantages and disadvantages in this section. The Uniform Building Code only requires that openings below the baseflood elevationbe provided with watertight enclosures. Analysis FEMA-102 discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using flood shields as a flood proofing method. The Uniform Building Code only requires that openings below the base flood elevation be provided with watertight closures. Analysis FEMA-102 discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using watertight doors as a method of flood proofing the openings in the structure. The Uniform Building Code only requiresthat openings below the base flood elevation be provided with watertight enclosures. Analysis FEMA-102 discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using moveable flood walls asa method of flood proofing a structure. The Uniform Building Code only requires that openings below the base flood elevationbe provided with watertight closures. C-52 Minual for the Cndtron FEMA-102 B Elevation Non-Fill Recommendation: FEMA-1 02 C.2 Posts Recommendation: FEMA-102 Figure No. III-7 Pile Characteristics and Pier Walls Recommendation: FEMA-102 Table No. Li-1 Requirements for Reinforced Piers- Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments MCRB) U.B.C Analysis - Chapter 29 FEMA-102 discusses the use of fill material to elevate a structure Appendix Chapter above the base flood elevation and provides some design 23, Division IV. recommendations. The U.B.C. requires that fill can only be used as an elevation technique in the A' Zones. None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMA-102 discusses the use of posts to elevate a structure above 23, Division IV. the base flood elevation. The U.B.C. requires that a building be elevated above the base flood elevation. None. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 24 FEMA-102 discusses the general characteristics of piles and pier Chapter 29 walls and their advantages and disadvantages. The Uniform Appendix Chapter Building Code provides specific design criteria for the design of 23, Division IV. piers and pier walls, but relies, on the design of a licensed engineer *or architect. FEMA-1i02 should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect design the structure. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 24 Table No. r-i of FEMA-l02 gives some minimum design Chapter 26 requirements for the construction of reinforced piers. The U.3.C. Chapter 29 has specific design criteria for the use of reinforced piers and Appendix Chapter relies on the design of a licensed engineer or architect. 23, Division IV. FEMA-102 should rely on the design of a licensed engineer or architect for the use of reinforced piers. C-53 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the C dbii of Resideitial Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) FEMA-102 C.6 Maintenance U.B.C. Chapter 1. Analysis FEMA-102 recommends the regular maintenance of those structural elements that are exposed to flood events. The Uniform Building Code requires that all buildings and structures be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. Recommendation: None. FEMA-102 U.B.C. Analysis E.1 and E.2 Waterproof Walls Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-102 discusses the use of different building materials in the construction of waterproof walls and gives some simple design recommendations. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria for the use of these construction materials. Recommendation: FEMA-102 should recognize that the local building code has authority for the design of such structural elements and it should also provide, as a recommendation only, the latest edition of the referenced documents listed within this section. FEMA&2 U.B.C. Analysis D.3 and D.4 Concrete Slabs Chapter 26 Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-102 discusses, in general terms, two methods of resisting uplift forces in concrete slabs due to a flood event and provides design recommendations as to the relief of such uplift forces. The Uniform Building Code provides specific criteria for the design of such slabs as well as requiring that they resist uplift and buoyancy type forces. FEMA-102 should recognize the authority of the local building code in the design of such structural elements. FEMA-1 D.5 Waterproofing Sec. 1714 Chapter 24 Chapter 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-102 discusses three methods of waterproofing exterior walls. The Uniform Building Code requires that walls and floors that are impermeable to the passage of water. Recommendatk: None. C-54 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the Condtruction of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (IMCRB) FEMA-102 D.6 Watertight Cores Recommendation: FEMA-102 D.7 Closures and Flood Shields Recommendation: FEMA-l 02 E.5 Flood Walls Recommendation: FEMA-102 E.7 Flood Wail Maintenance Recommendation: U.B.C Analvsis None. FEMA-102 discusses the waterproofing such waterproofing of exterior walls is has no provisions for this. of interior not feasiblwe. alls The U.B.C. when None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMA-102 discusses the use of closures and flood shields as a 23, Division IV. -means of protecting openings below the base flood elevation and provides several details for different types of openings. The Uniform Building Code requires that openings below the base flood elevation be provided with a watertight closure. None. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 24 FEMA-l02 discusses the different types of flood walls that can be Chapter 26 used to protect structures from flood events and gives some Chapter 29 general design recommendations. The U.B.C. provides design Appendix Chapter criteria for the design of flood wails, given the applied loads. 23, Division IV. FEMA-1'02 should recommend the use of a soils engineer in the design of such walls and levees. U.B.C Analysis Chapter 1. FEMA-102 recommends regular inspection and maintenance of flood walls and levees to maintain their structural integrity-The Uniform Building Code requires that all buildings and structures be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. None. C-55 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the Coadumction of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) FEMA-1O2 C Utilities Recommendation: FEMA-102 Appendix B Glossary Recommendation: FEMA-102 B Design Loads Recommendation: FEMA-10 C Performance Criteria U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. U.P.C.: Sec. 315 (e). None. U.B.C. Chapter 4 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. Chapter 23 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Analysis FEMA-102 discusses a number of the techniques for the flood proofing of utilities associated with nonresidential structures. The Uniform Building Code requires that such utilities be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering within the system. Analysis All of the terms found in the glossary of FEMA-102 are related to flood proofing of structures or flood plain management. The Uniform Building Code's definitions are much more general in nature and terms that are not found within are referenced to the definitions found in Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged.Copyright 1986. Analysis FEMA-102 provides a general definition of the design loads that may occur on a structure located in a flood plain. The Uniform Building Code provides specific criteria for the determination of these loads with the exception of hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and impact loads generated by flood events. Those are referenced to either well.established engineering principles or approved national standards. Analvsis FEMA-102 recommends specific design criteria for the structural analysisof elements that are exposed to waters generated by a design flood event. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria for all structures, however, for the loads generated by a design flood event, it references well-established engineering principles in approved national standards for the design of such structures. Recommendation: FEMA-102 should recognize the authority of the local building code in this section and include that in the recommended design of these elements. C-56 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manufactured Home Installation in Fbod Hazard Areas FEMA495 FEMA-85 Chapter HI, Elevation and Anchoring Techniques Recommendation: FEMA-85 Chapter IV Design of Elevated Foundations Recommendation: FEMA-85 Appendix D Calculation Procedure Recommendaton: U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-85 discusses a number of techniques of elevating and Chapter 24 anchoring-manufactured homes in areas that are subject to flood Chapter 25 events. The Uniform Building Code has specific design criteria Chapter 26 for the design of most of these methods of elevating or anchoring a Chapter 27 manufactured home. However, some of the methods would have Chapter 29 to rely on the discretion of the building official. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV Appendix Chapters 24 and 25. FEMA-85 should discuss the authority of the local building code in the design and construction of such elvation and anchoring techniques. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 23 FEMA-S5 provides methods for calculating the hydrostatic and Chapter 24 hydrodynamic loads generated by floods as well as certain Chapter 25 conditions that may occur that could effect manufactured homes in Chapter 26 the event of & flood. FEMA-R5 also provides specific design Chapter 27 criteria for the sizing of the structural members that elevate Chapter 29 manufactured homes, as well as methods of protecting utilities that Appendix ChLpter serve the manufactured homes. The Uniform Building Code 23. Division IV provides specific design criteria for the structural design of the Appendix Chapters supports of manufactured homes, but defers to well-established 24 and 25. engineering principles or approved national standards for the calculation of hydrodynamic or hydrostatic loads by licensed engineer or architect. FEMA485should recognize the authority of the local building code in the design and sizing of the structural elements supporting manufactured homes and should recommend that a licensed engineer or architect be utilized in such design. U.B.C. Analvsis Chapter 23 FEMA-S provides recommended procedures for the design of Chapter25 specific structural elements supporting the manufactured home. Chapter 26 The Uniform Building Code provides specific criteria for the Appendix Chapter design of such members. 23, Division IV. FEMA-S5 should consider the authority of the local building code in the recommendations of this,section. C-57 ICIBOUNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manufactured Home Instalation in Flood Hazard Areas (FEMA85) FEMA-45 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix E Appendix Chapter FEMA-85 provides criteria for the design of ground anchors to Buoyancy and 23, Division IV. counteract any buoyancy or drag forces that may be generated by a Drag Forces flood event. The Uniform Building Code requires that all buildings or structures erected in the flood zone be designed and constructed to resist flotation, collapse or permanent lateral movement due to loads from a flood event. Recommendation: FEMA-85 should consider that other types of hold-downs may be adequate to resist these generated forces. C-S8 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Alluvial Fans: Hazrs and Manatment FEMA4-16S) FEMA-165 U.B.C. Analysis Windows and Doors Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA-165 recommends that the designer avoid the placement of openings on the uphill side of the structure on alluvial fans to prevent debris and flood water from entering a budding. The Uniform Building Code just requires that openings below the base flood elevation be provided with watertight closures adequate to support any generated loads. If such openings are used. then they should be designed to withstand any forces generated by a flood on the alluvial fin. Recommendation: None. C-59 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the Construction of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) MCRB III A.1 Unreinforced Block Recommendation: MCRB Ill A.2 Reinforced and Grouted Block Recommendation: MCRB II A.3 Unreinforced Concrete Recommendation: U.B.C. Analvsis Sec. 2407 (i) The MCRB briefly discusses the use of unreinforced block in non- Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. coastal -flood areas. The U.B.C. has specific design criteria for the use of unreinforced block but does not allow residential basements to be located below the BFE. None, since floodproofing of basements is allowed only in communities that have been granted an exception by FEMA. U.B.C. Chapter 24 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV See recommendation U.B.C. Sec. 2622. Analysis The MCRB briefly discusses the use of reinforced and grouted block in non-coastal flood areas. The U.B.C. has specific criteria for the use of reinforced and grouted block, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. for MCRB III A.l. Analysis The MCRB briefly discusses the use of unreinforced concrete in residential basement walls in non-coastal flood areas. The U.B.C. has specific provisions for the use of plain (unreinforced) concrete, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB IlI A.l. MCRB U.B.C. Analvsis Il A.4 Chapter 26 The MCRB briefly discusses the use of reinforced concrete in Reinforced residential basement walls in non-coastal flood areas. The U .B.C. Concrete has specific provisions for the use of reinforced concrete. but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. Recommendation: See the recommendation for MCRB III A.l. C-60 Mbnual for the CoasruDtn MCRB I A.5 Stone, Cribbing and Planking Recommendation: MCR I A.6 Treated Wood Foundations Recommendation: MCRB I A.7 Variations of Foundations Recommendation: MCRB I A.l Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BU}ILDINGCODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON or Residential Basements in Non-Costal Flood Environments (MCRBI U.BC. Analysis None. The-MCRB briefly discusses the use of cut stone rubble stone and even cribbing and planking in older residential homes and does not recommendits use as a construction material below the BFE. The U.B.C. does not have such provisions. None. U.S.C. Analysis Sec. 2907. The MCRB did not have enough information to discuss the use of treated wood foundations-The UB.C. has specific provisions for the use of treated wood foundations. but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. None. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 24 The MCREbriefly discusses variations in the design of Chapter 26 foundations used in residential basements below the BFE. The Chapter 29 U.B.C. has specific provisions for the design of foundations, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. None. *1 U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2903 The MCRB discusses specific requirements for excavation, grading Appendix Chapter and backfilling residential basement walls. The U.B. C. has 70 specific provisions for excavation, grading and backfilling basement walls, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB III A.1. C-61 Manual for the Coastetion MCRB 111 A.9 Recmmendatoln MCRB III B.1 Basement Slab Recommendation: MCRB III B.2 Structural Basement Slab Recommendation: MCRB I11 B.3 Footing Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2606 The MCRB discusses the design and construction of formwork for concrete basement walls. The U.B.C. has similar design criteria for formwork for all types of concrete work. None. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2623 The MCRB discusses the types of slabs used in basement floors Sec. 2904 below the BFE. The U.B.C. has specific criteria for slabs-ongrade, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB III A. 1. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 26 The MCRB discusses the thickness of slabs used to resist water pressure heads. The U.B.C. has specific provisions for the design of such slabs subject to applied loads, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB III A.1. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2907 The MCRB briefly discusses footing construction in residential basement wall foundations below the BFE. The U.B.C. has specific criteria for the design of footing, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB III A. 1. C-62 Manual for the Coaflucign MCRB III B.4 Underdrain System and Sumpsand Pumps Recommendation: MCRB ImIB.A Ground Surface Slope RecommendatiM: m B.5B Grading and Surface Drainage Recommendation: MCRB III B6 Seepage Quantities Reommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.J COMPARISON of Residentl Basements in NonCoastal Flood Environments (MCRB) U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2905 The MCRB discusses the use of an underdrain system in sumps and pumps as a method of relieving the build-up of hydrostatic head on the walls and slabs of a basement- The U.B.C. requires that the classification of the soil at each building site shall be determined by the building official who may require that this determination be made by an engineer or architecL The U.B.C., however, does.not provide specific provisions for underdrain systems. None. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2905 The MCRB discusses some techniques of site investigation and some possible findings of the same. The U.B.C. requires that the classification of the soil at each building site shall be determined by the building official who may require that this determination be made by an engineer or architect. None. Analysis Sec. 2905 and The MCRB discusses grading and surface drainage provisions and Appendix Chapter gives some minimum slopes for proper drainage. The U.B.C. just 70 requires, that provisions be made for the control and drainage of surface water around the building. None. U.B.C. Analysis Sec. 2303 The MCRB discusses a method of determining the size of a drain system using Darcy's law. The U.B.C. relies on approved national standards. None. C-63 Mnual for the Co6ation MCRB III B.7A Penetrations Recommendaion: MCRB III B.7B Cracks and Joints Recommendation: MCRB III B.7C Waterproofing Recfmmendation: MCRB Ill B.8 Plumbing Subsystems Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BILDING COE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON of ResWential Basements in Non-oastal Flod Environments MCRB) U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. The M-CRB discusses the means of ceiling penetrations through basement w~allsor slabs. The U.B.C. requires that all floor and wall eftions be made water tight to prevent flood water seepage. None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter The MCRB gives a fairly detailed description of techniques to 23, Division IV. lessen cracking in concrete. The U.B.C. just requires that exterior walls and floors be impermeable to the passage of water with no specific design provision, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB Ill A. 1. U.B.C Analysis Appendix Chapter The MCRB briefly discusses the limitations of waterproofing 29 basements below the BFE. The U.B.C. has design provisions for the waterproofing of foundations and basement walls, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. See the recommendation for MCRB I A.1. U.B.C. Analysis None. The MCRB discusses the materials and considerations in the design of drainage subsystems. The uniform codes have no such provisions. See the recommendation for CRB III A. 1. C-64 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.J CONPARISON Manual for the Consaftion Of Residenal Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments IMCRB) MCRB U.B.C. Analysis Iml B.9 Anchorage Sec. 2303 The MCRB provides a means of calculating the lateral force due to flood water pressures. The Uniform Building Code has a very general statement that the entire system must be designed to resist all applied loads which would include a hydrostatic load, but does not allow residential basements below the BFE. Recommendation: See the recommendation for MCRB I A.1 MCRB U.B.C. Analysis III B.10 Chapter 26 The MCRB goes through a number of typical handling and Concrete construction techniques for concrete walls and slabs. U.B.C. has Construction specific provisions for the handling, depositing and considerations Practices for concrete construction. Recommendation: None. MCRB U.B.C. Analysis Iml B.l Chapter 24 The MCRB recommends a number of construction practices for Block Construction the design and installation of concrete block walls. The U.B.C. Practices has specific provisions for the construction of concrete block walls, but does not allow residential basements below the BEFE. Recommendation: See the recommendation for MCRB III A. MCRB U.B.C. Analysis III C.1.A-D SeCs. 2904 and The MCRB has specific provisions for the classification of the soil Soil Loads 2905 that may be found at the site. The U.B.C. relies on an engineer or architect licensed by the state to conduct a thorough site investigation for these particular items and to provide a report with the findings. Recommrendation: None. C65 Manual for the Cousucdon MCRB III C.1E Soil Erosion Recommendation: MCRB III C.1.F Backfill Recommendation: MCRB III C.2 Water Table Recommendation: MCRB III C.3 Super Structure Loads and Buoyancy Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (.B.C.) COMISON of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter 70. The MCRB provides a brief discussion as to the effects of soil erosion on basement construction. The U.B.C. requires that measures be undertaken by the soil engineer to limit the amount of erosion around the building site. None. U.B.C. Analysis Chapter 29 and The MCRB provides a discussion as to the means of calculating Appendix Chapter the lateral pressure due to soil and the backfill behind basement 70 walls. The U.B.C. relies on the judgement of an engineer or architect licensed by the state to practice soil engineering for the determination of the lateral pressure due to the soil and backfill. None. U.B.C. Analysis Section 2905 The MCRB has a short description of how the water table affects stresses in the soil. The U.B.C. relies on the judgement of the engineer or architect licensed to practice soil engineering for this determination. None. U.B.C. Analvsis Chapter 23 The MCRBprovidesexamples of calculating super imposed loads on the basement foundation walls and footings. The U.B.C. does not allow residential basements below the BFE, therefore, there are no such provisions. See the recommendation for MCRB I A. I. C-66 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C,J COMPARISON anual for the fluctio of Residential Basements in Nn-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) MCRB U.C.B. Analysis III C.4d None. The M CRB discusses the effect of flood water velocity and it's Flood Velocity affect on r structure's structural integrity, The U.B. C. has no such provision. Recommendation: None. MCRB U.CB.C Analysis III C4e None. The MCRB discusses flood water deposited sediment and it's Sediment affect on a structure. The UB.C. has no such provision. Recommendation: None. MCRB UB.C. Analysis III C.4.f None. The MCRB discusses the importance of the rate of rise of flood Rate of Rise waters as a consideration in the design of a structuret's ability to withstand flood water damage. The U.B.C. has no such provision. Recommendation: None. MCRB Analysis m C.4.g None. The MCRB discusses the interdependence of design variables in Hydraulic the analysis of site design. The U -B. C. has no such provisions. Relations Rcwommendatin: None. C-67 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the CG luctionof Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) MCRB III C.5.h Debris, Wind, Impact, Snow, Ice and Other Live Loads Recommendation: MCRB V A.2.a Building Model Dimensions and Loading Recommendation: MCRB V A.2.b Structural Analysis Model Recommendation: MCRB V A.2.c Structural Plain Concrete Recommendation: U.B.C. Chapter 23 None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. None. None. None. Analysis The MCRB discusses the importance of debris and impact loading in the design of structures near coastal areas. The U.B.C. generally discusses live loads and defers to approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB provides a cross section of a typical basement wall being loaded by flood water. The U.B.C. has no such sketch or provision. Analysis The MCRB provides an analysis model of a loaded beam and it's applicability in flood water design. The U.B.C. has no such provision. Analysis The MCRB provides a model for structural plain concrete and derives some design values. The U.B.C. provides specific equations in design criteria, but. does not provide any models by which to follow. C-68 lCBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON NMnual for the Consafution of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB;h MCRB V A.2.d Reinforced Concrete Recommendation: MCRB V A.2.e Plain Masonry Block Recommendation: MCRB V A.2.f Reinforced Masonry Block Recommendation: MCRB V A.2.g Flood Waters Above Grade Recommendation MCRB V A.2.h Slab Thickness Recommesdaon: U.B C None. None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. None. Analysis The MCRB provides a model for reinforced concrete using ultimate strength design. The U.BC. provides specific equations in design criteria, but does not provide any models by which to follow. Analysis The MCRB provides a model for plane masonry block using working stress design. The U.B.C. provides specific equations in design criteria, but does not provide any models by which to follow. Analysis The MCRB provides a model for reinforced masonry block. The U.B.C. provides specific equations in design criteria, but does not provide any models by which to follow. Analysis The MCRB provides typical wall analyses for flood waters acting above grade level. The U.B.C. has no such model. Analysis The MCRB calculates the slab thickness in slab span for flood water type loading. C-69 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the Construction of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments MCRB) MCRB V A.2.i Structural Slab Design Recommendation MCRB V B.1 Weir Load Level Recommendation: MCRB V B.2 Buoyancy MCRB V B.3 Slab Venting Recommendation: MCRB V B.4 Wall Loads Recommendation: U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. U.B.C. None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. None. None. Analysis The MCRB provides the design example for the design of structural'slabs given flood water conditions. The U.B.C. has no such analysis. Analysis The MCRB gives consideration to weir type effect of windows in the design of structures for flood water conditions. The U.B.C. has no such consideration, but would defer to approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB has a brief discussion of the affects of buoyancy in residential basements. The U.B.C. has no such provision, but would defer to approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB is a very brief discussion as to the treatment of bending in slabs due to flood water conditions. The U.B.C. has no such provision, but would defer-to approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB briefly discusses wall design due to flood water conditions. The U.B.C. has no such provisions, but would defer to approved national standards. C-70 Manual for the Connutkon MCRB V B.5 Water Infiltration Protection Recommendlaion: MCRB V .5.a Drain or Sump System Recommendation: MCRB V B.5.b Undrained or Barge System Recommendaton: MCRB VII Appendix A Allowable Bearing Pressures Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments ICRB) U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter 29 The MCRB discusses the protection of basements from water infiltzation-and gives some recommendations. The U.B.C. has specific provisions for the protection of foundation wails and would rely upon approved materials for such protection. None. U.B.C. Analysis None. The MCRB provides a discussion of drain or sump system type protection of basements which assumes some infiltration of water. The U.B.C. has provisions which require the water proofing of foundation walls without allowing any infiltration of water when hydrostatic pressure caused by water table may exist, other than that, damp proofing can be provided. None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter The MCRB discusses undrained or barge system type protection of 29 basement walls and gives,some construction details or same. The U.S.C. requires water proofing when hydrostatic pressure may be due to water table they occur on basement walls, other than that, damp proofing may be provided. None. Analvsis Chapter 29 The MCRB provides a table of allowable bearing pressures based on consistency of soil as determined by the classification and identification of the soil. The U.B.C. has no such specific provision based on the consistency of soil, but determines the allowable foundation pressure based on the class of the material. Both are acceptable means of determining the allowable bearing pressure. None. C-71 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manual for the CHESERucti of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) MCRB U.B.C. Analysis Vill Appendix A Allowable Soil Pressures Beneath Footings MCRB VIII A.2.a Soil and Water Loading Recommendation: MCRB VIII A.2.c Water Proofing Systems Recommendation: MCRB VIII A.2.d WaU Design Recommendation: Chapter 29 None. U.B.C. Chapter 29 None. Appendix Chapter 29 None. Chapter 24 and Appendix Chapter 29. None. The MCRB provides two charts for determining allowable soil bearing pressure based on the cohesiveness of the soil and the width or depth of the footing. The U.B.C. has no such tables, but would defer to approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB provides specific soil and water loading design criteria based on the type of soil in which the structure is located. The U.B.C. does not contain specific soil and water loading design criteria, but would defer to approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB provides two cross sections of basement construction as examples of drained and undrained systems with construction recommendations. The U.B.C. has no specific design criteria for these types of systems, but contains performance criteria which water proofing systems must meet. Analysis The MCRB provides an example of designing reinforced masonry basement walls and their water proofing. The U.B.C. has no such example, but has specific design criteria which the system must meet. C-72 ICB UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Manualfor the Consrution of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB MCRB VIIIA.2.c Slab Design Recommendation: MCRB VII B. Acceptable Wall Designs Recommendation: MCRB VII B.I Structural Plain Concrete Wall Recommendation: MCRB VIII B.2 Reinforced Concrete Wall Recommendation: U.B.I. Chapter 26 and Appendix Chapter 29 None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. Chapter 26 None. U-B.C. Chapter 26 None. Analysis The MCRB provides specific example for the design of slabs and their waterproofmg. The U.B.C. has no such examples, but provides specific design criteria for those systems. Analysis Thc MCRB discusses a number of provided structural design curves for basement walls given an equivalent fluid loading condition for different types of construction materials. The U.B.C. has no such design curves, but provides specific design criteria for each construction material. Analysis The MCRBprovides, specific charts for the design of structural plain concretewalls given an equivalent fluid loading condition. The U.B.C. would rely upon the determination of structural capacity by a licensed engineer or architect and approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB provides specific design criteria for reinforced concrete walls given an equivalent fluid loading condition. The U.B.C. has no such provisions, but would rely on the design of a licensed engineer or architect and approved national standard. C-73 ICRO &NFORM BUILDINGCOE (.B.C.) COPAISON Manual for the MCRB VII B.3 Unreinforced Masonry Block Wall RecommendatiorM MCRB VIII B.4 Reinforced Masonry Block Wall Renomendationt MCRB VIII B.5 Buoyancy Wall Reommendation: MCRB VIII C.6 Reinforced Concrete Slab Recmmmendaioa:: of Resideal Bsements U .B.C. Chapter24 None. U.B.C. Chapter 24 None. U.B.C. None. None. U.B.C. Chapter 26 None. in Non-Castal Flood Environments (MCRB) Analysis The MCRB provides specific design cntena for unreinforced masonry walls given an equivalent fluid loading condition. The U.B.C . has no such provisions and would rely on the design of a licensed engineer or architect and approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB provides specific design criteria for reinforced. masonry block walls given an equivalent fluid loading condition. The U.B.C. has no such provisions and would rely on the design of a licensed engineer or architect and approved national standards. Analysis The MCRB gives specific design criteria for the design of buoyancy walls requird in undrained systems. The U.B.C. has no such provisions and does not allow residential basements below the EFE. Analysis The MCRB provides specific design criteria for the design of basement slabs and undrained sysiems based on an allowable depth of loading. The U.B.C. has no such provisions. C-74 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.J, COMPARISON Manual for the Couswutn of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) MCRB V11I D.1 Control Joints Recommendation: MCRB VIII D.2 Sump, Pump and Underdrain Reommendation: M-CRB VII1 D.3.a Water Proofed Underdrain Slab and Wall System Recommendation: MCRB VIII D.3.b Water Proofed Drain, Slab and Wall System Recommendation: U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 29 None. U.B.C. None. None. UB-C. Appendix Chapter 29 None. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 29 None. Analysis The MCRB provides specific water proofing provisions for wall and slab control joints The U.B.C. does not provide specific provisions, but has, performance criteria for the water proofing of slabs and walls requiring water proofing. Analysis The MCRB provides specific details for the design of sump pumps and associated underdrain system. The U.B.C. has no such provisions. Analvsis The MCRB provides specific design criteria for water proofing undrained basements. The U.B.C. has no such provisions. Analvsis The MCRB provides specific design criteria for drain basement type systems. The U.B.C. has no such provision. C-75 COMPARISON ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE 0(.s.C.) Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environments (MCRB) Manual for the C tucon of Residenal I~~ I ~ I 'll G 2 ; .' MCRB U.B.C. Analysis VIII D.3.c Appendix Chapter The MCRB provides specific details for the protection of the Slab Wall Footing 29 intersection of a slab wall and footing. The U.B.C. has no such details. Juncture Recommendation: None. MCRB U.B.C. Analysis I B.4 None. The MCRB discusses the effectsof high velocities of flood waters Flood Velocity and the increased potential for damage to structures in their path. The U.B.C. has no such discussion and would rely on approved national standards. Recommendation: None. MCRB U.B.C. Analysis None. Thc MCRB discusses the effects of sediment deposition on I B.5 Sediment structures due to flood events. The U. B.C. has no such discussion. Recommendation: None. C-76 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Technical Standards Bulletin: Wet Flood Proofing, Bulletin No. 85-1 Bulletin No-85-1 U.B.C. Analysis I. Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 defines wet flood proofing as the Definition 23, Division W. intentional internal flooding of a structure in order to alleviate any pressures due to a flood event. The U.B.C. requires that any approved occupiable space, in other than a residential occupancy, that is below the base flood elevation be constructed with exterior walls and floors that are impermeable to the passage of water and designed to meet any hydrostatic and hydrodynanic loads that may be incurred. Other enclosed spaces such as those for building access exits, foyers, storage and parking garages are required to have openings to allow the equalization of pressure due to a flood event. Recommendation: FEMA Bulletin No. 5-1 should state that this method of floodproofing is only acceptable for the retroflting of existing buildings. Bulletin No. 85-1 U.B.C. Analysis H. Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 lists a number of the components in the Protection Goals 23, Division IV. protection of a building and its contents. The Uniform Building Code does not recognize the viability of wet flood proofing in occupiable spaces. Recommendation: See the recommendation of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. Bulletin No. 85-1 U.B.C. Analysis n. B Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 recommends that a structure be designed Structural 23, Division V. so that all of its materials, finishes, utilities. etc. be able to Considerations withstand any forces generated by flood elements as well as the corrosive nature of water. The U.B.C. does not recognize the viability of wet flood proofing of occupiable spaces, but does recommend that structural members, utilities, etc. that are exposed to such conditions be protected. Recommendation: See the recommendation of Item I in Bulletin No. 5-1. C-77 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) C6MARISON Technical Standards Bulletin No. 85-1 Ill. C Building Activity and Use Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.1 Foundations Recommendation: Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.2 Cavity Walls ReommeOdiou: Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.3 Solid Walls Recommendation: Bulletin: Wet Flood Proofin. U.B.C. Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. See the recommendation U.B.C. Chapter 29 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. U.B.C. None. None. Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. None. Bulletin No. 85-1 Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses how the activities and uses within a building can change the likelihood of a building being damaged during a flood event. The Uniform Building Code does not recognize the viability of wet flood proofing in occupiable spaces. of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses, in general terms, the loads that a foundation may be subject to during a flood event under a wet flood proofing design. The Uniform Building Code requires a foundation to be designed for all applied loads. Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 recommends that if cavity walls are used in the design of a structure, that they must be made so that the cavity space drains at a rate approximately equal to the flood rate and that any material contained within be able to withstand the inundation. The Uniform Building Code has no such provisions. Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of solid walls dueto any moisture permeation, especially any spallingdue to freeze/thaw conditions. The Uniform Building Code has provisions for the protection of solid walls due to freeze/thaw conditions and also provides specific design criteria to prevent any spalling due to moisture penetration. C-78 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COWARISON Technical Standards Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.4 Interior Walls Recommendation: Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.5 Interior Wall Finishes Recommendation: Bulletin No. 5-1 IV. A.6 Floors Recommendation: Bulletin No. SS-1 IV. A.7 Ceilings and Roofs Recommendation: Bulletin: Wet Fbood Proofint. U.B-C. Chapter24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. See the recommendation U.B.C. Chapter 42 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IW. See the recommendation U.B.C. Chapter 25 Chapter 42 Appendix Chapter 23, Division NV. See the recommendation U.B.C. Chapter 25 Chapter 42 Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. Sec the recommendation Bulletin No. 854 Analysis FEMA Bulletin 5-1 discusses the protection of interior walls and recommendsthat the same provisions for cavity walls and solid walls be used for any such interior wals. The Uniform Building Code does not recognize the wet flood proofing of the interior of an occupiable space as a viable option, therefore, there are no provisions. of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of interior wall finishes due to direct contact with flood waters. The Uniform Building Code does not recognize the viability of wet flood proofing of occupiable spaces, therefore, there are no provisions. of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of floor systems in wet flood proofing situations and recommends that the design of such a floor system be able to withstand a minimum hydrostatic pressure. The Uniform Building Code does not recognize the viability of wet flood proofing occupiable spaces, therefore, there are no provisions. of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. Analysis FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of ceilings and roofs and any other related features from any waters due to a flood event. The Uniform Building Code doe not recognize the viability of wet flood proofing occupiable spaces, therefore, there are no provisions. of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. C-79 Technical Standards Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.8 Building Envelope Penetrations Recommendation: Bulletin No. 85-1 IV. A.9 Electrical Systems Recommendation: Bulletin No. 8-1 IV. A.10 H.V.A.C. Recommendation: ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.S.C.) COMPARISON Bulletin: Wet Flood Proofina. Bulletin No. 8S-1 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of any penetrations or openings in the building's structural envelope and provides some general design criteria. The Uniform Building Code requires that all openings below the base flood elevation shall be provided with watertight closures designed to withstand the applied loads. See the recommendation of Item I in Bulletin No. 85-1. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of electrical 23, Division IV. utilities from any waters generated by a design flood and recommends that standby electrical power be available in case of an emergency. TheUniform Building Code requires that new or replacement electrical equipment be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering the system. None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 85-1 discusses the protection of heating. 23, Division IV. ventilating and air conditioning equipment from waters due to a design flood. The Uniform Building Code requires that such equipment be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering the system. None. C-80 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE U.B.C.) COMPARISON Tecbnical Sndardy Bulletin: Foundation WallQ enines. Bulletin No. 85-2 Bulletin No. 5-2 U.B.C. Analysis Flood Forces Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. S5-2 discusses the calculation of the 23, Division IV. hydrostatic pressures generated by a flood on the exterior walls af a structure and defines hydrodynamic forces. The U.B-C. requires that the structural system of the building be designed in accordance with well-established engineering principles with consideration of the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads generated by a flood event. Recommendation: None. Bulletin No. 5-2 U.B.C. Analysis Openings Design None. FEMA Bulletin No. 5-2 discusses the use of openings in exterior Criteria walls in equalizing the pressure on either side of such wails. The U.B.C. does not recognize wet flood proofing as a viable method of protecting an occupiable space in a structure, but allows openings for other spaces such as those for building access. exits. foyers, storage and parking garages. Recommendalion: See the recommendation of Item I in Bulletin No. 5-1. C-81 Technical Stndards Bulletin No. 85-3 11. Wind and Water Forces Recommendation: Bulletin No. 85-3 III. Design Approach Recommendation: Bulletin No. 85-3 Design Considerations Recommendation: ICBO UNIfQRM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON uLb n: Breakaway Wals. Bulletin No. 85-3 U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter 23, Division IV. FEMA Bul\le~tn No. 85-3 diSCSScsthe wind and water forces that breakaway walls may be subject t. The Uniform Building Code requires that the structural system including breakaway walls be designed in accordance with well-established engineering principles and gives criteria for the design of the connections. FEMA Bulletin No. 85-3 should recognize the latest edition of the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, which is ASCE 7-88. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 85-3 gives the loads for the design of the 23, Division IV. connections of the breakaway wall and reasons for same. The Uniform Building Code requires that breakaway walls be designed for two specific loading requirements in accordance with well- established engineering principles. None. U.B.C. Analysis Appendix Chapter FEMABulletinNo. 85-3 discusses the design of the different 23, Division IV. elements that make up breakaway walls. The Uniform Building Code requires that this system be designed in accordance with well-established engineering principles and with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads considered. None. C-82 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Technical Standards Blyln: Breakaway Walls. Bulletin No. 85-3 Technical Standards Bulletin: Wind Desian Standards. NFIP No. 1 Bulletin No. 8-1 U-B-C. Analysis Pages 1-5 Chapter 23 FEMA Bulletin No. 88-1 discusses the potential damage due to Appendix Chapter high winds on structures in a coastal high-hazard area and provides 23, Division IV. a general comparisonbetween the three national model codes and the NFIP regulations. The U.B.C. provides specific criteria for the design of structures due to high winds based upon the latest edition of the ANSI document which is now ASCE 7-88. Recommendation: FEMA Bulletin No. 88-1 should refer to the latest edition of the ANSI document which is now ASCE 7-88. Technical Standards Bulletin: Flood-Resistant Materials. Bulletin No. 88-2 Bulletin No. S8-2 U.B.C. Analysis Pages 1-7 Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 8-2 discusses different classes of materials 23. Division IV. which are resistant to damage due to flood events and provides a table of materials and the related flood-resistant classification. The U.B.C. requires that materals exposed to the weather or to water splash be protected with an appropriate material. Recommendation: None. C-83 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U B.C.) COMPARISON Techn-Ial Sndards Ruletin: Beaaw Walls Bulletin No. 85-3 Techncal Standards Bulletin: Free of Obstruction Reauirenent in Coastal Hish-Hazard Areas. Bulletin No. 88-3 Bulletin No. 88-3 U.B.C. Analysis Lower Area Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 88-3 discusses the various structural elements Obstructions 23, Division IV. thatmay be found below the lowest floor of a building in a Zone. The U.B.C. discusses the same structural systems and also allows for the storageof portable or mobile items. Recommendation: None. C-84 ICBO UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Technial Standars Bulletin: Breakaway Walls. Bulletin No. 85-3 Bulletin No. 8-3 U.BC. Analysis Perimeter Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 83 discusses and defines various Obstructions 23, Division IV. obstructions that may be found outside the perimeter of a building in a coastal high-hazard area and how they may affect adjacent structures. The Uniform Building Code does not regulate obstructions which may be outside the perimeter of the building, but does require that the structural system be constructed to prevent collapse or permanent lateral movement due to any loads in the flood which may also be caused by obstructions outside the perimeter of the building. Recommendation: None. Technical Standards Buein: Free of Obstruction Recuirement in Coastal Hh-Hllazard Areas, NFIP No. 88-3 Bulletin No. 88-3 U.B.C. Analysis Attached Perimeter Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 88-3 generally discusses any obstruction Obstructions 23, Division IV. which may be attached to, but located outside, the perimeter of the building. For example, access stairs, and recommends that it be considered as a part of the building. The U.B.C. would consider anything attached to the building as being a part of the building, even if it were outside the perimeter of the structure and would require that the entire structural system of the building be constructed to resist collapse of permanent lateral movement due to any loads from a flood event. Recommendation: None. Technical Standar& Bulletin: Protection of Elevator Equipment in Flood-Hazard Areas, Bulletin No. 884 Bulletin No. 8-4 Analysis Page 3 Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 88-4 recommends that any equipment used for 23, Division IV. the service of elevators be either located above the base flood elevation or, if that is not possible, protected to prevent water from damaging the system. The Uniform Building Code requires that such service facilities be either placed above the base flood elevation or protected to prevent water from entering the system. Recommendation None. C-85 [CBO UNIFORM BULDING CODE (U.B.C.) COMPARISON Techical Stands Buletin: NFIP Redgirements for Below Grade Parking Garaees in Flood-Hazard Areas. Bulletin No. 90-2 Bulletin No. 90-2 U.B.C. Analysis Pages 1-4 Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 90-2 discusses the flood proofing of below 23, Division IV. grade parking garages and recommends specific code language for the design of same, in both A and Zones. The Uniform Building Code has specific requirements for the design of below grade parking garages provided they meet specific enclosure requirements and flood-resistant construction, for both the A and Zones. Recommendation: None. Technical Standards Bulletin: Non-Residential Flood Proofing Certification Reouirements of the National Flood Insurance Proram. Bulletin No. 90-3 Bulletin No. 90-3 U.B.C. Analysis Pages 16 Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 90-3 discusses, in general terms, the flood 23, Division IV. proofing of non-residential structures and requires that a certification of the flood proofing design is provided as well as providing a means of calculating hydrostatic and hydrodynamic type forces. The Uniform Building Code has essentially the same type of requirements, but requires that the structural system be designed in accordance with well-established engineering principles with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads under consideration. Recommendation: None. Technical Standars lleuBtin:Installtion of Mlanufactured Homes in Secial Flood-Hlazard Areas. Bulletin No. 90-4 Bulletin No. 90-4 U.B.C. Analysis Pages 3-19 Appendix Chapter FEMA Bulletin No. 90-4 gives specific design recommendations 23, Division IV. for the installation of manufactured homes in special flood-hazard area. The U.B.C. requires that all buildings or structures within a flood-hazard zone shall conform to the elevation requirements and flood-resistant construction as found in Appendix Chapter 23, Division TV. Recommendation: None. C-86 APPENDIX D COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NFPA STANDARDS AND THE NFIP STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL GUIDELINES 41 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page NATIONAL/FUEL GAS CODE (NFPA 54) 1 STANDARD FOR THE STORAGE AND H[ANDLINGOF m3 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (NFPA 58) NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NFPA 70) DO6 LIFE SAFETY CODE (NFPA 101) 11 D-i NATIONAL FRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE (NFPA 54) NM lood R t s Sn (44 CP) EAA4 N 54 'Chapter 1 6D.6 The scope of the documet diffe. 44 CFR is esablishing designstEadads for saucnesdoes not define utility ruiremnn found in dte Fuel Gas Code. Coastal Conutructlon Manual (FEMA-551 FE:MA-S AnAlLUs The scope of e docunn differ. In FEMA 55 sctul rquirents there we no plel raquiremen found in the Fuel Gas Code. levated Residentia Structures (FPMA 4) flatn Te scope of the doments differ. The guidelines for elevated strctues, while including mechanical equipent, does nt nclude specifics for Fuel GasCode use in th installation. MracturSd o StallattonIn Flood Hrd Are2t (MA ) FEM U-AS NEEA 4 ThalslF re scope of thiedocents differ wi FEMAv85 limited to strucural based requirements. Elooduroofl' No-ReIdenta Suctre, M FEMA-102 NFPA FloodpriOOEngdesign for strucuwe is outside the scope of the Fuel Gas Code. D-1 NATIONAL FE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE (NFPA 54) Retrofittina~Ff1 -Pvone Struture. (FIMA 1141 NFPA ALLis EEMA.114 Chapter 9 Protection of 4.2.1, Paragraph 9.3 recommends closing the main gas valve when a flood is Utilities 4.2.2 imminent. NFPA 54 contains requirements when nming the gas back 9.3 Emergency Protective on in pagraphs 4.2.1. 4.2.2 and appendix D. Measures Recommendatwn: Add references to NFPA 54. Alluvial Fans: Hazards and Manavement (FF.MA-1651 NIFPA S4 vAlh The Fuel Gas Code does not evaluate environmental factors covered in FEMA 165. T hfaI S~tadadt Rulletin* Wet Eloodgrooting. No 35 EF-MA-No 8S.1 wetflsth Wac fdroig is not addreuaed in the Fuel Gas Code. Technia tnad ultn nnnin Wl nnnaN~3. FEMA-No.3.2 I'l &-LI TweFuel Gas Code contains no requirements for installations addressed in 85-2. Mzunici --| 4:t-"F---i ' 0---VU.11. . 24-1 TooB_| F-MA.Nn. 8S.3 Breakaway walls are not addressed as a par of the Fuel Gas Code. -_. _ t. _ _ .,... .. U.._ U.-Al Awaas Nn hntcal .tanflard .uhle~in! .sree .r _~nurru~!rn . _niremonL Ia= _ £ _~~~U K E U 'La ANu enls No conunon requrements exist berween FEMA 8.8-3 and NFPA 54. Manual fnr the Construction of Rqldontlal aments 1n N n.Cout-l Elo Env_: 54 FIA/HUD-NO.CR-997 NLFP JA §A9LLA No common requirements exist between the documents. D-2 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON STANDARD FOR THE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (NFPA 5B) NEZ lood s t (44 C.FR FA,-44 AaLusis Chapter 1. 60.6 The scope of the docwnents differ. Coastal Construction Manual (FMA-S5) The scope of the documents differ. Elevated Rsidential Structures (FEM A S41 The sope of the docunents differ. The guidelines for Elevated Stuures. while including mechanical equipment, does not include specifi= for LPG useor handling. lu,---I-01--a a ---,& onE LVmEIUIALLUFCU KlM lMShEpUjLo mu rn nni flUeJs P ' 3 t na P FEM&-S Antlis The scope of th documents differ. FlooQdnrooflnu Non Residetital Stutrs (FM 1fl2} EEXA-u naLysa Floodproofmg is not addressed as a part of LPG storage and handlingin NFPA 58. Da3 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON STANDARD FOR THE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (NFPA 5) Technical S r l et R n. . EZNA-M:1 In part IV, Guidelines for Implementation. Item 10 Heating, II Protection Goals 4-4, Ventilating and Air Conditioning, recommends that "empty tanks. 4-4.3 both above and below ground, should be filled with potable water prior to the arrival of floodwater." This is good guidance for tanks that are open to the atmosphere, such as those used for fuel oil. but should not apply to propane tanks. Propane tanks are never empty, but contain residual propane vapor when "empty". The tank should never be opened to the atmosphere as the flaunable vapor will probably escape and create a hazard of fire. In addition, the inroduction of water and air into the tank will cause corrosion which can result in loss of the odorant that is added to the gas as a warning. Recomedation: Revise FEMA 85-1 to include a caution ontLP-Gas or liquid transfer consistent with NFPA 58 philosophy and requirements. Retroflttina E1ood-grane Residential Structures (EMA-J19 EEMA±IA NEUJU AAALWu 9A Permanent 3-2.2.6(g) NFPA 58 includes requirements for anchoring of propane tanks in Protective flood areas. Measures II Protection Goals Recommendation:Includea reference to NFPA 58 in FEMA 114. EEMA-±i A 3-2.2.b(g) NFPA 58 includes requirements for anchoring of propane tanks in flood areas. Recommendation:Imhade a referece to NFPA 5 in FEMA-165. D-4 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON STANDARD FOR THE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF I1QUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (NFPA 53) Technical Sndard Betin: Wet Floodnrofnw. N 35-1 In part IV. Guidelines for Implemnentation. Item 10 Heating, IU Protection Goals 4-4. Ventilatig and Ai Conditioning. recommends that empty tanks. 4-4.3 both above and below ground, should be filled with potable water puior to the arrival of floodwater." This is good guidance for tanks that re open to the aunosphere, such as those used for fuel oil. but should not apply to propaie an. Propane tanks are never empty, but contain residual pzopae vapor when "empty". The tank should never be opened to the anosphere as the flammable vapor will probably escape and create a hard of fire. In addition, the inuoduction of waer and air into e tank will cue corrosion which can result in loss of the odorant thar is added to th ga as a warning. Recommndsion: Revise FEMA 85-1 to include a cmtion on LP-Gas or liquid transfer consistent with NFPA 58philosophy and requirements. Technical Standars Bullein: Foundation Wal Onening No. 85-2 dUNEU AMAIUU £EMA 15S S 3-2.2.b(g) NFPA 58 includes requirements for anchoring of propane tanks in flood areas. Technical Stndard Bulletin Foundation Wall Onenings No, -3 RFhlA.-Mt-3 NFPA, SS AlnAil Breakawaywalls am not addressed in NFPA 58. Techil Sttin Free of Obsuctio eairenents T CstlH Hara Ares No. 8 FEf-8-3 NEEA M AnSlSIS No Common requirements exist Manual for the Construction of Residential Bslemets L Na-Cosal Flood Environs FIAIHfl-No~CRQ DEE aAnia No common requirements exist between the documents. D-5 NATIONAL FRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE NF 70) ; NFIP Flood Realnt Design Standards (44CFR 9.1 & 60.3) FFMA4 NFPA 70 AnsliUA 59.1 Definitions 551-1 Definitions FEMA 44 definition goes into specifics pertaining to design by Recreatonal vehicle specifying maimum are buil on a single chassis,NFPA 7 goes into mot detail a to howdevehii use4 What iis used for and Chapter 1 60.6 how it is propeed 1 c Is Recommendation: Elluminate the 400 square feet or lesu when meued t the lbrgest hnl prjeon" in Prgraph c) of FEMA 44. Elevated Regidential Structures (FEMA-54) Utility Service 110-11 FEMA-54 cautions against the results of water damage to utility P. 92, 93 service. NFPA 70 qualifies electrical service identified for use in the operating environment, no condlctors or equipment shall be located in damp or wet locations; where exposed to gases fues, vapors. liquids or other agents having;a deteriorating effect on the conductors or equipment; nor where exposed to excessive temperatures. Recommendation: For FEMA-54, electrical supply conduits and cables should be suitable for the environment they are likely to be exposed, especially in locations subject to corrosive environnts such as salt water or spray. . I Service Mounting 110-13 Secure mounting of utilities and mechanical equipment are addressed P. 92 in FEMA-54. NFPA 70 requires electric equipment to be securely P. 93 fastened to the suface on which it is mounted Recommendation: Revise FEMA-54 to clarify that electric equipment shall be securely fatened to the surface on which it is mounted. Wooden plugs driven into holes in masonry, concrete. platter. or smilar mis all not be used Underground electric supply conduits or cables should not be fastened to walls, or structures in to beak-awy der o conditions. Suggested Code revision: NFPA 70 (110-13(a). 300-5(d)). Add the following enen: Buildings designed with breakaway walls shall have electric savices secured to the sides of interior piles or within flood prof enclosures attached to interior poles. P. 92. 93 Raceways 230-8 Electrical service raceways entering from an underground distribution 230-32 system are recognized in FEMA-54 as vulnerable while NFPA 70 300-5(c), (d) provides more specific guidelines. Recommmsdatiom For FEMA-54, where electrical conduits supplying the structure are installed underground. the conduit should be sealed. The sealant should be installed a a location in the system so arranged to prevenu entrance of water due to flood conditions. Underground electrical conduits or cables should be protected against damge by burying them to a depth which would minimize their shifting under flood conditions. D-6 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NFPA 70) Elevated Resldentuasl tructures (FMA-54) P. 92, 93 Electrical service 230-53 FEMA-54, while allowing for the location of electrical service, does location 380-8 not detail design or location similar to NFPA 70. Recommendation: For FEMA-54, all switches and circuit breakersshall be located so that they ca; be operaed from a readily accessible place. They should be located so that the center of the operating handle is not more than 6 12 feet above the floor or platforms. Where necessary. a platform may be installed to povide accessibility where devices are located above the flood plain. Coastal Construction Manual (FEM1-!551 N1FEA 70 An§nis 43.6 Utilities 110-13(a) FEMA 55 recommends locating electric utility risers be located on 300-5(d) the sides of interior piles or away frm the ocean fmt or located within floodproof enclosures attached o interior piles. Electrical service secured to the strucure should be securely fastened in such a way that the building's protective covering will not be damaged wher electric wires are pulled away from the swuctur NFPA 70 also requir electric equipment to be securely fastened to e surface it is mouned on. NFPA 70 requires enclosures or raceways that may be subject t damage to be rigid metal conduit internediate metal conduit, Schedule 80 nonmetallic conduit ar equivalent Recommendation: In the fifth pragaph of Section 4.3.6 of FEMA 55. inset the following as a second sentence: "Since the enclosure or raceway for the electric utilities is subject to physical damage, it should be installed in rigid Metal conduit. intermediate metal conduit. or schule 80 rigid nuneallic conduit". Manutactured Home Installation IIn Food Hazard Areas (EMA-US} NiPA 70 AanuUn ChapterIV p. 69 Utility 110-11 Electrical service locations are required to be above flood levels in srvce 110-13 FEMA-85 while NFPA 70 more specifically outlines performance and material requirements. Recommendauiw F FEMA-85, Electric equipmet shall be securely fastened to the surface on which it is nounted. Wooden plugs driven into holes in masorwy concrete, plaster, or similar materials shall not be used. Underground electic supply conduits or cable ahould not be fastened to walls, or stortures intxied to break-away under flood conditions. Elecrical supply conduits amd cabis should be suitable for the environment they are likely to be exposed, especially in locations subject to corrosive envirommi such as salt waxer or spray. D-7 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NFPA 70) _a ture H tuliatinn In Flood a (lA-3_ lUMA-8S NFPA 70 Chapter IV p. 69 Utility 230-8 FEMA-85 generally defines electrical mounting while NFPA 70 is Service 300-5(c),(d) more equipment specific. 230-32 230-53 Recommendation: For FEMA.85, whir. electrical conduits supplying the structure are installed umderground, the conduit should be sealed. The sealant shQdd be installed at a location in the system so arranged to prevent entrance of water due to flood conditions. Underground electrical conduits or cable should be protected against damage by burying them to a depth which would minimize their shifting under flood conditions. Means should be provided to protect electrical supply conduits emerging from underground to the bottom of the structure from floating debris during flood conditions. All switches and circuit breakers should be located so that they can be operated from a readily accessible place. They should be located so that the center of the operating handle is not more than 6 1/2 feet above the floor or platforms. Where necessary. a platform may be installed to provide accessibility where devices are located above the flood plain. Tehia 0tnad ultn e lpnofn.N.3 FEMAs1d IV A.9 Electrical 110-11 FEMA 85-1 recommends that electrical supply lines and equipment SysM 110-17(b) be elevated above Design Flood Level or be waterproofed where required to be installed below flood level. NFPA 70 requires electrical supply linis and equipment to be suitable for the environment under normal operating environmental conditions. However, if flooding is often or anticipated due to location, including 100 year flood levels. the electrical installation must be suitable for the expected event. Recommendation: In the second paragrp add the following: Where electrical supply lines cannot be elevated above flood level, they should be installed to arrange for draining away from panelboards, controllers, switches or other electrical equipment." E2f~all Ng AnaaIl chapt IY 110-11 FEMA 102 recommends that electrical supply lines and panels be D. Wet Floodproofing 110-17(b) elevated above the Design Flood LeveL whereas NFPA 70 requires Tecbiques electrical installations be suitable for the environment under normal operating. However, if the frequency of flooding is often, the electrical code would require the electrical installation to be suitable for that event. Recommendation: In the fourth paragraph following the second sentence. insrt "where electrical supply lines cannot be elevated above the Design Flood Level, they must be installed to arrange for draining away from panelboards. controllers. switches or other electrical equipment". D-8 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NFPA 70) r n -Stuc Is IVRMA-114) £EMA&I1t NEP 70 A si c 8.7 Technical Design 110-3(a)(I) FEMA 114 requires pump and pump motor combination and its Criteria. 110-11 associated conol devices to, be provided with watertight electrical p. 156 DrainageSystem 410-57(b) supply. Three-wire heavy duty U.L. listed power receptacles and wire are rquired to be installed above possible flood water level. NFPA 70 allows equipment ha is to be used in a specific environment to be identified as suitable for that use by testing and listing and labeling by a testing laboratory. NFPA 70 does not require the esting laboratory to be U.L (Underwriters Laboratories. ic.). Recomdon: In the tird prrph of FEMA 114, revise the third sentenc s folows: I pr receptacle outlet nd associed equipment should be of ic gounding type and be labeled and listed by a recognized testing laboratory. etroetintsa lgFood-uroneRaildmntlal Structures FRMA-141 EEMA1W BIEA 0 A n ySI S ! 93 Emergency 373-2(a) FEMA 114 recommends shutting off the main power in the Protective Measures distuibtion panel and removing any fuses from the panelboard when flooding is iminent and all elcrical equipment should be cleaned and dried before restating power. NFPA 70 requires cabinets such as used for panelboards to be of the weathrroof type where installed in wet locations. Cabinets installed in wet locations are required to have at least 14 inch spae between the cabinet and the strucure it is mounted on. NFPA 70 does not address maintenance or refurbishing elewrical equipment after being submerged during floods. Recommendation: Refer to NFPA 70B "Electrical Equipment Maintenance. FEMA-114 ByPAA naJIIaI 9.4 Permanent Protective 230-53 FEMA 114 recommends relocating electric power lines above the Measures flood level and install electicul conductors in waterproofed conduits. pg. 160 Utility NFPA 70 does not address clearance heights above flood levels. Connections however, it does require conduits exposed to the weather to be arranged to drain should water enter the conduit system. Recommendafio: Add the following as a fifth sentence in Section 9A Utility Connections: Where electric service conductors are located within flood level range, most type srvices can be installed o raise the electrical service above flood level range. D-9 NATIONAL FlIE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NFPA 70) Alluvial Fns: }Isrds and Manauement (FFMA.16S) EEMA-165 NFPA 70 Analysis FEMA-165 addresses no electricalcode concerns. EEM|MZ I L _h~ZEAasth Waa~ll Oneno.v No. 8S.2. E;F1UA.8-2-BUM& 70 Ansls The National Electrical Code contains no requirements for installations addressed in No. 85-2. Technfral Standards Bulletin! BreakawaI Wals EEMA--U3 NECA.7 110-13(a) Breakaway walls do not meet NFPA 70 requirements for secure 300-5(d) fasteningof electrical equipmenL Recommendsion: See FEMA 55 utility requirenent. Fne Of ..Reeair gnts i Coatal HFio I8-Ed ANea. 70. TAchnIeni Standards Bulletin! Oh.requ t H No common requiumenus exist between FEMA 88-3 and NFPA 70. _anual o A tQ n pln. gatsl Flood nviron FA1HUD-NSXCU-997 B&.2 ALiLJia No common requirements exist between te documents. D-10 NATIONALFIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON LIFE SAFETY CODE (NFPA 101) NFIP Flood f t Deslgn Standards (44 CFR1 tz&F1 01 A nalvrl Chapter 1. 60.6 The scope of the documents differ. Colstal Construrtlon Manl fFFMA-S'w Anlnva Breakaway wails 5-1.3.1 FEMA-55 while defining breakaway walls does not relieve the 4.3.5.1 designer frommeeting fire bariern consuuction requirments. Recommendation: FEMA-55. For of inrlosire or asaeparazion must maintain hourly razing requirements. a put a required This~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rcom dion: FEMA-55. as a part of a reqired or separation must maintain hourly rating ireents. This EFor ncbsure may be accomplished using masonry walls or wood stud walls discussed in 435.1 of FEMA-55. ELMA-S NIPA 01 Amnizis The scope of dhedcumens differ. Manuaured H~ome Tntibatinn Tn Flood Hazsard Areas ,(FMA 151 FEMA-S5 NFPA 101 Analysis The scope of the documents differ with FEMA 85 lilmited to strucrally based requirements. D-11 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON LIFE SAFETY CODE NFPA 1): Floodurool-Nou.Residentlal Strutures FEMA-102 EEMA-M NFPA 101 p. 11. 67, 68 Watertight FEMA 102 in ddressing watertight doors promotes their use for Doors daily activities. NFPA 101 in Chpter on egress and in educational andassembly occupancies has door hardware requirements that must be met for latching, and force to open. Key among these re requirementsfor fire exit hardware. Recommendation: In FEMA 102, p. 11 should add a paragraph to 2. Watertight Doors. 'The force to open doors as a part of means of egress requirements should be mamined for exit doors. Latchingrequirements for exterior doors may include the use of fire exit hardware in educationalor assemblyoccupancies". Floodorooting Non-Residential Structures FEMA-1021 NEPA-M Anslyst p. 161 FEMA 102 in Auilding C. dr qualifies a Building Code as a collection of regulators while not recognizing companion standards such asthe National Electrical Code, the Fuel Gas Code, or the Life Safety Code. Recommendation: Reword the definition of Building Code to include provisions for standards other than a Model Building Code. Retoflittln lood rone Reidenflal Structures (FEMA 1141 EMEA-1J NEE±A1 AAsziU Thr are no commonrequirements. Aluva Faa fzruadMamaat(FA1 EEMA 16S ,UA 01 The Life Safety Code does not evaluate environmental factors covered in FEMA 165. D-12 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION CODE COMPARISON LIFE SAFETY CODE (NFPA 11) Technical Stadards Bulletin: Et -Fj2oduroofln, Bulletin. No. 5-1 MA 1 01 A n sis 6-5.1.2. 6-5-1.2.1. FEMA 85-1 while encouraging waterresistant ineior finishes. may Protection of Interior 9-33, 9-3.3.1, inadvertentlynegae the finish requirements outlined in NFPA 101. Finishes 9-3.3.2,9-3.3.3, 10-3.1. 11-33.1, 12-33.1, 13-3.3.1. 13-33.2. 14-3.3.1. 15-33.1, 16-3.3.1, 17-33.1, 18-3.3.1. 19-3.3.1, 21-3.2.1. 22-3.3.3, 23-3.3.3, 24-3.3.1. 25-3.3.1. 26-3.3.1. 27-3.3.1. 28-3.3.1, 29-3.3.1, 30-3.3.1 Recmmcdaion: Techica bletin 85-1 hould qualify thie use of water resistant finishes to as to ilude, the maitnacof interior finish requirements to a paticular occupancy s defined by other codes. Technical Standards Bulletin: Foundatlon Wall OenIs N. 85-2 FEMA N'o. 35-2 EEL&-tlD A talv tlg There ae no common requirements. Tebhnicl Standiards Bullein Beaua Walls No. 3K-3 F EMA No. 35-2 1YFPA 101 AnslySIS There ar no common requiraments. Technical StandardS Rulletlna Free Or Obstruction Reguirements Tn Coastal Hlkh Hazard AreaS. No. 8S-LL EEMAF Nn. - NZpA 101 AALLZLAi There we no common requireanets. Ma1nual for the Construction of UmtldentlmlBasetments in Nnn-Castml lFlood Rnvlrongs FIA/HUD-No.CR-997 NFPA 101 AnalnssI No common requirements exist between the documenms. D-13 APPENDIX E COMPARISONBETWEEN THE MANUFACTURED HOUSING CODES AND STANDARDS THE NP STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL GUIDELINES 43 TABLE OF CONMENTS Na1aal Flood P f wogR guhti (1591 and 1603) Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (MHCSS) ...................................... E-1 Permanent Foundations Guide HUD Handbook 4930.3 .......................................... .... E-3 1989 CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code, Appendix C ................................ E-4 Manufactured Housing Institute Model Installation Manual -E-5 NFPA SIA-1987, Manufactured Home nsxallations -E-6 ANSI A25.1-1987 Manufactured Home Installations ..- ...... .. E7 Rtrofilting Flood Pone sdential (F A 114) R Structur Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (MHCSS) . . . -...... E8 Permanent Foundations Guide HUD Handbook 493032E0 1989 CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code, Appendix C E-13 Manufactured Housing Institute Model Installation Manual ............................................ E-16 NFPA S01A-1987, Manufactured Home Installations E-19 ANSI A225.1-1987 Manufactured Home Installations E-20 Manufafured Home Inlat In Flood Hmsd Are= (FENA SS) Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (MHCSS) . E-22 Permanent Foundations Guide HUD Handbook 49303 .. 130 1989 CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code, Appendix C . E-34 MHI Model Manufactured Home Installation Manual ...................................... E-36 NFPA SOIA-1987, Manufactured Home Installations E-41 ANSI A225.1-1987 Manufactured Home Installations. EA E-i Nubun4 hom CcMuctioa and Sifety Sandards CSS] National Flood Insurance Progran fRegulations for Floodolain Manazement and Flood Hazard Identification) VNFIPI The following is a comparison between Sections 59.1 and 60.3 of the NFIP. the MHCSS and selected requirements from FEMA 85. The definitions in Section 59.1 have been compared with the MHCSS and found to be compatible. NFIP MHCSS Analysis §59.1 §328D. (a)(16) NFl? provides a definition of a manufactured ho me consistent with the §603 (in its entirety) MHCSS. Additionally. §603 of the NFIP sets forth requirements for both recreational vehicles and manufactured homes. However, the NFT does not address other types of factory-built or industrialized housing (i.e., modular). Current language in the NFIP such as manufactured home, proposed constructions and new construction' may not be readily understood to include modular homes. Recommendation: Revise the NFIP to include a consistent definition for modular housing. Clarify existing regulations by including modular in the applicable code sections. NHP MHCSS Analysis §60.3 (a)(3) NFIP differentiates between old parks and new parks. The MHCSS §603 (b)() provides no installation requirements. but rather requires that the manufacturer of the home provide instructions for the site installation. Recommendation: None. NFIP MHCSS Analysis §60.3 (b)(8) NTFT §60.3 (b)(8) states in part . .. Methods of anchoring may include. but are not limited to, use of over-the-top or (emphasis added) frame tie to ground anchors. It is presumed from this section that an acceptable method of anchoring would be the application of over-the-top ties alone. Generally, over-the-top ties alone are insufficient to resist lateral flood forces Again, the MHCSS provides no installation or anchorage provisions. Recommendation: It is recommended that the NTFP section be clarified to use similar language to that provided in §603 (c)(6)(iv). B-I NFIP MHCSS Analysis §60.3(a)(3)(iii)(iv) §60.3(b)(8) 160.3(c)(6) §60.3(c)(12) The requirements of NFIP §60.3 (a)(3)(iii)(iv) appear to provide the community latitude in reviewing the appropriateness of a proposed permit application when that latitude may not be provided by other more prescriptive sections of the NFIP. For example, under 160.3 (a)(3)(iii)(iv) a community may reject a permit for an elevated doubie-wide manufactured home because the HVAC air duct crossover connecting the two units s typically suspended below the floor level. The community could conclude that the crossover may become dislodged during flood conditions and permit entry of flood waters into the floor and duct system. However, 60.3 (c)(6)(iv) suggests that only the lowest floor (and not the duct) need be elevated to or above the base flood elevation. Additionally, it appears that 60.3 (a)(3)(iii)(iv) is referenced in sections of the NFIP that contain more prescriptive and in some instances less restrictive requirements. (See for example, 60.3 (b)(2).) Recommendation: Option 1: Revise §60.3 (a)(3)(iii)(iv) to reflect the elevation of the 'lowest floor above the base flood elevation.' Option 2: Revise the lowest floor above the base flood elevation' to more clearly reflect the performance requirements outlined in 160.3 (a)(3)(iii)(iv) and allow for certain unusual construction techniques in manufactured housing. Option 3: Redefine the lowest floor to clearly include the depth of the chassis I-beam. This may help elevate many of the 'underslung' utilities above 'harm's way.' Other Areas for Clarification or Enhancement: NFIP MHCSS Analysis 60.3 (c)(10) The NFIP currently provides for construction in Zones A1-30 and AE and others on the communities' FIRM provided that the cumulative effect will not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood by more than one foot. FEMA reference documents such as FEMIA 85 'Manufactured Home Installation in Flood Hazard Areas' provide several design tables that when subjected to an additional flood load of 12' become inapplicable. Recommendation: None. E-2 Pamet Foda Goc MM Hmtc* 4933HUm 493t3 National Flood Insurance Proam (Resulations for Floodplain Manazement and Flood Hazard identification) (NFIP The HUD Permanent Foundations Guide provides desip methods and data for site installation of factory-buit single family dwelling units that are transportable in one or more sections-These are considered manufactured homes built in accordance with the HUD MHCSS NEP HJD 4930.3 Analysis §59.1 The HUD Handbook contains only definitions applicable to the construction of foundation walls and pies Sinc HUD 49303 is used as a guide for homes built per MUD MHCSS. the definitions therein are relevant. The NFIP definitions are generally compatible with the MHCSS. However, the NFIP does not address other types of factory- built or industrialized housing (ie. modular). Current language in the NFlP such as 'manufactured home.' 'proposed construction' and 'new construction' may not be readily understood to include modular homes. Recommendation: Revise the NFIP to include a consistent definition for modular housing Clarify existing regulations by including modular in the applicable code sections. NFP HUD 49303 Analysis §60.3 (in its entirety) 102-2C HUD 4930.3 references FEMA 85 for manufactured homes, on elevated 201-2-B foundations, and provides that homes on elevated foundations must complywith the requirements of NFIP. Therefore, there is no incompatibility. Recommendation: None. NIP HUD 4930.3 Analysis §60.3(b)(8) 402-3.C NFP requires methods of anchoring in Zone A that are in addition to applicable state and local requirements, for wind loading. HUD 49302 states that in hurricane zones or where severe wind pressures occur, special treatment may be required. such as foundations that resist geater uplift, more deeply buried foundations, or strengthened home- to-foundation connection. Recommendation: None. E-3 1989 CABO Appadt C CABO App. q National Flood InsuranCe Prmm (Reeulations for Floodolain Manamement and Flood Haard Identification) INFIPi Appendix C of the 1989 CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code applies to the construction, alteration, and repair of foundation systems and building equipment for manufactured homes installed on privately owned (nonrental) lots. NFIP CABO AvD. C Analysis §59.1 C-201 Tbe definitions in NFIP and CABO App. C are compatible. Recommendation: None. NFP CABO ADD.C Analysis §60.3 CABO App. C does not contain any special provisions for the installation of manufactured homes in flood hazard areas. CABO Appendix C should be revised to include a reference to the NFIP for manufactured home installation in Recommendation: flood hazard areas. Suggested Code Change [or addition: Add to Appendix C Section C-101 -Scope, last §, last sentence: Refer to National Flood Insurance Proam for installations in flood hazard areas. E-4 Maadnurcd Homg Iuime Model1nAir., Manuk PAJ14JI National Flood Insumnce Proeram (Resulations for Floodxplain Manazement and Flood Hazard Identification) INFIPi The MHI Model Manufactured Home Installation Manual is intended as a guide to manufacturers in the preparation of the specific installation instructions that are required under Federal law to accompany the shipment of the homes. The preface to the manual further states that the manual provides a suggested outline and format for manufacturers' installation manuals rather than specific requirements. NTP MHI-MM Analysis §59.1 Chapter 2 The definitions in NFI? and MHI-MNM are not incompatible. Recommendation: None NFP MHI-MIM Analysis §603 (in its entirety) 4.4.1, The MHI-MlM recommends against siting a manufactured home in 45.4, riverine or coastal flood-prone areas. It further states that special local 5.433 regulations or flood insurance provisions may apply, and that special elevation and anchoring are required in flood-prone areas. A registered professional or structural engineer is to be consulted to ensure conformance to applicable federal, state, and local regulations. FEMA 85, Manufactured Home Installation in Flood Hazard Areas,' is also referenced in MHil-MN. By referencing FEMA 85, MHI-MIM is compatible with NFI?. Recommendation: None NFP MHI-MIM Analysis §603