The purpose of E155 and L156 is to familiarize students with assessment methodologies available to identify the relative level of risk for various threats, including explosive blast and chemical, biological, or radiological agents. The students will be introduced to publications FEMA 426 and FEMA 452 and will be asked to provide mitigation measures for a range of manmade hazards. The primary target audience for these courses includes engineers, architects, and building officials. NOTE: These publications are available free to local and state government staff. All other interested parties can obtain these publications via online download or by purchasing hardcopy versions from the Government Printing Office.