Unit Objectives Recognize basic land use planning, landscape, site planning review, and evaluation. Identify site planning concerns that can create, reduce, or eliminate vulnerabilities and understand the concept of "Layers of Defense." Compare the pros and cons of barrier mitigation measures that increase stand-off or create controlled access zones. Unit Objectives Identify the positive and negative aspects of mitigation approaches for entry control and vehicle access, signage, parking, loading docks, lighting, and site utilities. Explain the basic concepts of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and its applicability to building security against terrorism. Apply these concepts to an existing site or building and identify mitigation measures needed to reduce vulnerabilities. Layout and Site Design Layout Design Siting Entry Control and Vehicle Access Signage Parking Loading Docks Physical Security Lighting Site Utilities Layers of Defense Identify Adjacent Hazards First Layer of Defense Layout Design First Layer of Defense Layout Design First Layer of Defense Orientation has a significant impact on making the building visible to aggressors. Enhance surveillance opportunities while minimizing views into the building. . Siting First Layer of Defense Siting Siting Siting Entry Control/Vehicular Access Prevent unauthorized access _ Avoid traffic queuing _ Rejection routes _ Search area out of traffic flow Traffic calming _ Avoid high speed approaches _ Commercial vehicle gate Entry Control/Vehicular Access and Roadway Design Site Access and Entry Control Building Siting and View Relationships Building Siting and View Relationships Urban Design Urban Design Urban Design Urban Design Bollard Applications Physical Protective Barriers Physical Protective Barriers Passive Vehicle Barrier Application Active Vehicle Barrier Active Vehicle Barrier Application Temporary Active Vehicle Barriers Signage Additional information Place warning signs where required by law to enforce restricted areas Variable message signs Demarcate controlled perimeter and jurisdiction Limit Parking Maintain stand-off distance Restrict parking and access between buildings Consider one-way circulation in parking lots Locate parking within view of occupied buildings Restrict parking underneath buildings Well-lit, with security presence, emergency communications, and/or CCTV Apply progressive collapse hardening to columns when parking garage is in the building Parking Loading Docks/Service Access Ensure separation from critical systems and utility service entrances. Avoid driving trucks into or under building. Provide clear signage. Large truck carrying large bomb could go relatively unnoticed unless access control performed a significant distance from loading dock. Loading Dock Example Physical Security Lighting High-mast lighting at entry control points Continuous lighting _ Glare projection _ Controlled lighting (avoid glare) _ Closed circuit television (CCTV) Standby lighting Movable lighting Emergency lighting Site Utilities Underground versus overhead Concealed versus exposed Protected/secure versus accessible Separate service paths Redundant following different path Looped versus radial distribution DonÕt forget communications Site Utilities Site Utilities Utility plant accessibility Tankage Secure utility penetrations Public address system/call boxes CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Territoriality (using buildings, fences, pavement, signs, and landscaping to express ownership) Natural surveillance (placing physical features, activities, and people to maximize visibility) Access control (the judicial placement of entrances, exits, fencing, landscaping, and lighting) Summary of Site Mitigation Measures Unit VIII Case Study Activity Site and Layout Design Guidance Background FEMA 426, Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist: screening tool for preliminary design vulnerability assessment Requirements: Vulnerability Rating Approach Assign sections of the checklist to qualified group members Refer to HIC case study and GIS portfolio, and answer worksheet questions Review results to identify site and layout vulnerabilities and possible mitigation measures